Server : Apache System : Linux webd348.cluster026.gra.hosting.ovh.net 5.15.148-ovh-vps-grsec-zfs-classid #1 SMP Thu Feb 8 09:41:04 UTC 2024 x86_64 User : hednacluml ( 122243) PHP Version : 8.3.9 Disable Function : _dyuweyrj4,_dyuweyrj4r,dl Directory : /home/hednacluml/encyclo/articles/r/u/t/ |
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr" dir="ltr">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<!-- headlinks removed -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../../../misc/favicon.ico"/>
<title>Ruthénium - Wikipédia</title>
<style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/ @import "../../../../skins/offline/main.css"; /*]]>*/</style>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="../../../../skins/common/commonPrint.css" />
<!--[if lt IE 5.5000]><style type="text/css">@import "../../../../skins/monobook/IE50Fixes.css";</style><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 5.5000]><style type="text/css">@import "../../../../skins/monobook/IE55Fixes.css";</style><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 6]><style type="text/css">@import "../../../../skins/monobook/IE60Fixes.css";</style><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE]><script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../skins/common/IEFixes.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" /><![endif]-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../skins/common/wikibits.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../skins/offline/md5.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../skins/offline/utf8.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../skins/offline/lookup.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../../../../raw/gen.js"></script> <style type="text/css">/*<![CDATA[*/
@import "../../../../raw/MediaWiki%7ECommon.css";
@import "../../../../raw/MediaWiki%7EMonobook.css";
@import "../../../../raw/gen.css";
/*]]>*/</style> </head>
<body
class="ns-0">
<div id="globalWrapper">
<div id="column-content">
<div id="content">
<a name="top" id="contentTop"></a>
<h1 class="firstHeading">Ruthénium</h1>
<div id="bodyContent">
<h3 id="siteSub">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</h3>
<div id="contentSub"></div>
<!-- start content -->
<table class="infobox" align="right">
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Données</b>  <span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Ruth%C3%A9nium_bb85.html" title="Modèle:Élément/Ruthénium"><span title="Voir ce modèle.">v</span></a> · <span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Discussion sur ce modèle.">d</span> · <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Ruth%C3%A9nium_bb85.html" class="external text" title="http://fr.wikipedia.org../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Ruth%C3%A9nium_bb85.html" rel="nofollow"><span title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</span></a></span> </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center" style="border:0px solid"><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/c/Techn%C3%A9tium.html" title="Technétium">Technétium</a> - <b>Ruthénium</b> - <a href="../../../../articles/r/h/o/Rhodium.html" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3" valign="middle" style="border:0px solid"><a href="../../../../articles/f/e/r/Fer.html" title="Fer">Fe</a><br />
<b>Ru</b><br />
<a href="../../../../articles/o/s/m/Osmium.html" title="Osmium">Os</a><br />
 <br />
 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" style="border:0px solid">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:#FFFFFF">
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/y/d/Hydrog%C3%A8ne.html" title="Hydrogène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:#FFFFFF;"></td>
<td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:#FFFFFF"></td>
<td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:#FFFFFF"><a href="../../../../articles/h/e/x/Image%7EHexagonal.png_09b2.html" class="image" title="Hexagonal.png"><img alt="" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/1/13/Hexagonal.png/31px-Hexagonal.png" width="31" height="39" border="0" /></a></td>
<td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:#FFFFFF">
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:#FFFFFF">
<tr>
<td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:#FFFFFF"> <br />
44</td>
<td style="font-size:18pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:#FFFFFF"><b>Ru</b></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
<td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:#FFFFFF"></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/%C3%A9/l/H%C3%A9lium.html" title="Hélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/i/t/Lithium.html" title="Lithium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/%C3%A9/r/B%C3%A9ryllium.html" title="Béryllium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/o/r/Bore.html" title="Bore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/r/Carbone.html" title="Carbone"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/z/o/Azote.html" title="Azote"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/o/x/y/Oxyg%C3%A8ne.html" title="Oxygène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/l/u/Fluor.html" title="Fluor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/o/N%C3%A9on.html" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/o/d/Sodium.html" title="Sodium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/g/Magn%C3%A9sium.html" title="Magnésium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/l/u/Aluminium.html" title="Aluminium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/i/l/Silicium.html" title="Silicium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/h/o/Phosphore.html" title="Phosphore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/o/u/Soufre.html" title="Soufre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/l/Chlore.html" title="Chlore"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/r/g/Argon.html" title="Argon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potassium.html" title="Potassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/l/Calcium.html" title="Calcium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/c/a/Scandium.html" title="Scandium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/i/t/Titane.html" title="Titane"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/v/a/n/Vanadium.html" title="Vanadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/r/Chrome.html" title="Chrome"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/n/Mangan%C3%A8se.html" title="Manganèse"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/e/r/Fer.html" title="Fer"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/b/Cobalt.html" title="Cobalt"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/i/c/Nickel.html" title="Nickel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/u/i/Cuivre.html" title="Cuivre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/z/i/n/Zinc.html" title="Zinc"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Gallium.html" title="Gallium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/g/e/r/Germanium.html" title="Germanium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/r/s/Arsenic.html" title="Arsenic"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/%C3%A9/l/S%C3%A9l%C3%A9nium.html" title="Sélénium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/r/o/Brome.html" title="Brome"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/k/r/y/Krypton.html" title="Krypton"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/u/b/Rubidium.html" title="Rubidium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/t/r/Strontium.html" title="Strontium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/y/t/t/Yttrium.html" title="Yttrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/z/i/r/Zirconium.html" title="Zirconium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/i/o/Niobium.html" title="Niobium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/o/l/Molybd%C3%A8ne.html" title="Molybdène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/c/Techn%C3%A9tium.html" title="Technétium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><strong class="selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></strong></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/h/o/Rhodium.html" title="Rhodium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/a/l/Palladium_%28chimie%29.html" title="Palladium (chimie)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/r/g/Argent.html" title="Argent"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/d/Cadmium.html" title="Cadmium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/i/n/d/Indium.html" title="Indium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/t/a/%C3%89tain.html" title="Étain"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antimoine.html" title="Antimoine"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/l/Tellure.html" title="Tellure"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/i/o/d/Iode.html" title="Iode"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/x/%C3%A9/n/X%C3%A9non.html" title="Xénon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/%C3%A9/s/C%C3%A9sium.html" title="Césium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/a/r/Baryum.html" title="Baryum"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/a/n/Lanthane.html" title="Lanthane"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/%C3%A9/r/C%C3%A9rium.html" title="Cérium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Pras%C3%A9odyme.html" title="Praséodyme"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/o/N%C3%A9odyme.html" title="Néodyme"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Prom%C3%A9thium.html" title="Prométhium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/a/m/Samarium.html" title="Samarium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/u/r/Europium.html" title="Europium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/d/Gadolinium.html" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/r/Terbium.html" title="Terbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/y/s/Dysprosium.html" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/o/l/Holmium.html" title="Holmium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/r/b/Erbium.html" title="Erbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/h/u/Thulium.html" title="Thulium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/y/t/t/Ytterbium.html" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/u/t/Lut%C3%A9cium.html" title="Lutécium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/a/f/Hafnium.html" title="Hafnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/a/n/Tantale_%28chimie%29.html" title="Tantale (chimie)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/u/n/Tungst%C3%A8ne.html" title="Tungstène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/h/%C3%A9/Rh%C3%A9nium.html" title="Rhénium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/o/s/m/Osmium.html" title="Osmium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/i/r/i/Iridium.html" title="Iridium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/a/Platine.html" title="Platine"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/o/r/_/Or.html" title="Or"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/r/Mercure_%28chimie%29.html" title="Mercure (chimie)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/h/a/Thallium.html" title="Thallium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/o/Plomb.html" title="Plomb"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/i/s/Bismuth.html" title="Bismuth"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/o/l/Polonium.html" title="Polonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/s/t/Astate.html" title="Astate"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radon.html" title="Radon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/r/a/Francium.html" title="Francium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/t/Actinium.html" title="Actinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thorium.html" title="Thorium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/r/a/Uranium.html" title="Uranium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/e/p/Neptunium.html" title="Neptunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/u/Plutonium.html" title="Plutonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/m/%C3%A9/Am%C3%A9ricium.html" title="Américium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/u/r/Curium.html" title="Curium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/e/r/Berk%C3%A9lium.html" title="Berkélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/l/Californium.html" title="Californium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/i/n/Einsteinium.html" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/e/r/Fermium.html" title="Fermium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/n/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium.html" title="Mendélévium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/o/b/Nob%C3%A9lium.html" title="Nobélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/a/w/Lawrencium.html" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Rutherfordium.html" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/u/b/Dubnium.html" title="Dubnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/e/a/Seaborgium.html" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/o/h/Bohrium.html" title="Bohrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/a/s/Hassium.html" title="Hassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/i/Meitn%C3%A9rium.html" title="Meitnérium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/a/r/Darmstadtium.html" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/o/e/Roentgenium.html" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununbium.html" title="Ununbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununtrium.html" title="Ununtrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununquadium.html" title="Ununquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununpentium.html" title="Ununpentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununhexium.html" title="Ununhexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununseptium.html" title="Ununseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununoctium.html" title="Ununoctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a href="../../../../articles/t/a/b/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments.html" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">Table complète</a> - <a href="../../../../articles/t/a/b/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_%28%C3%89tendu%29_2246.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableau périodique (Étendu)">Table étendue</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Général</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/l/i/s/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_par_nom.html" title="Liste des éléments par nom">Nom</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/i/s/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_par_symbole.html" title="Liste des éléments par symbole">Symbole</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/n/u/m/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique.html" title="Numéro atomique">Numéro</a></td>
<td>Ruthénium, Ru, 44</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/s/%C3%A9/r/S%C3%A9rie_chimique.html" title="Série chimique">Série chimique</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A9/t/M%C3%A9taux_de_transition.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Métaux de transition">métaux de transition</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/g/r/o/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Groupe du tableau périodique">Groupe</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/p/%C3%A9/r/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Période du tableau périodique">Période</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/b/l/o/Bloc_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Bloc du tableau périodique">Bloc</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_groupe_8.html" title="Éléments du groupe 8">8</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_5.html" title="Éléments de la période 5">5</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_bloc_d.html" title="Éléments du bloc d">d</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/s/Masse_volumique.html" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a></td>
<td>12 370 <a href="../../../../articles/k/i/l/Kilogrammes_par_m%C3%A8tre_cube.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilogrammes par mètre cube">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/u/Couleur.html" title="Couleur">Couleur</a></td>
<td>Blanc argenté métallique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Propriétés atomiques</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/s/Masse_atomique.html" title="Masse atomique">Masse atomique</a></td>
<td>101,07 <a href="../../../../articles/u/n/i/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique.html" title="Unité de masse atomique">u</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_atomique.html" title="Rayon atomique">Rayon atomique</a> (calc)</td>
<td>130 (178) <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_de_covalence.html" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de covalence</a></td>
<td>126 <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_de_van_der_Waals_2c9c.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayon de van der Waals">Rayon de van der Waals</a></td>
<td>ND <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique.html" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration électronique</a></td>
<td>[<a href="../../../../articles/k/r/y/Krypton.html" title="Krypton">Kr</a>]4<a href="../../../../articles/o/r/b/Orbitale-d.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-d">d</a><sup class="exposant">7</sup>5<a href="../../../../articles/o/r/b/Orbitale-s.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-s">s</a><sup class="exposant">1</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/e/%C3%89lectron.html" title="Électron">Électrons</a> par <a href="../../../../articles/n/i/v/Niveau_d%27%C3%A9nergie.html" title="Niveau d'énergie">niveau d'énergie</a></td>
<td>2, 8, 18, 15, 1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/t/a/%C3%89tat_d%27oxydation.html" title="État d'oxydation">État(s) d'oxydation</a></td>
<td>2, 3, <b>4</b>, 6, 8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/o/x/y/Oxyde.html" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a></td>
<td>Acide faible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/s/t/r/Structure_cristalline.html" title="Structure cristalline">Structure cristalline</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/h/e/x/Hexagonale.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonale">Hexagonale</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Propriétés physiques</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/p/h/a/Phase_%28mati%C3%A8re%29.html" title="Phase (matière)">État ordinaire</a></td>
<td>solide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/m/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion.html" title="Température de fusion">Température de fusion</a></td>
<td>2607 <a href="../../../../articles/k/e/l/Kelvin.html" title="Kelvin">K</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/m/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_vaporisation.html" title="Température de vaporisation">Température de vaporisation</a></td>
<td>4423 <a href="../../../../articles/k/e/l/Kelvin.html" title="Kelvin">K</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion.html" title="Énergie de fusion">Énergie de fusion</a></td>
<td>24 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_vaporisation.html" title="Énergie de vaporisation">Énergie de vaporisation</a></td>
<td>595 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/v/o/l/Volume_molaire.html" title="Volume molaire">Volume molaire</a></td>
<td>8,17<a href="../../../../articles/n/o/t/Notation_scientifique.html" title="Notation scientifique">×10<sup class="exposant">-3</sup></a> <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A8/t/M%C3%A8tre_cube_par_mole.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Mètre cube par mole">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup>/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/e/Pression_de_la_vapeur.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Pression de la vapeur">Pression de la vapeur</a></td>
<td>1,4 <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/s/Pascal_%28unit%C3%A9%29.html" title="Pascal (unité)">Pa</a> à 2523 K</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/v/%C3%A9/l/V%C3%A9locit%C3%A9_du_son.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélocité du son">Vélocité du son</a></td>
<td>5970 <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A8/t/M%C3%A8tre_par_seconde.html" title="Mètre par seconde">m/s</a> à 20 <a href="../../../../articles/d/e/g/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius_3d8e.html" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Divers</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/e/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9.html" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> (<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/c/h/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling_0629.html" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</td>
<td>2,2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/a/Chaleur_massique.html" title="Chaleur massique">Chaleur massique</a></td>
<td>238 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_kilogramme-kelvin.html" title="Joule par kilogramme-kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique.html" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a></td>
<td>13,7×10<sup class="exposant">6</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/s/i/e/Siemens_%28unit%C3%A9%29.html" title="Siemens (unité)">S</a>/m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique.html" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a></td>
<td>117 <a href="../../../../articles/w/a/t/Watt_par_m%C3%A8tre-kelvin.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Watt par mètre-kelvin">W/(m·K)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1<sup class="exposant">er</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>710,2 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2<sup class="exposant">e</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>1620 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3<sup class="exposant">e</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>2747 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" bgcolor="#FFC0C0"><b>Isotopes les plus stables</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0px">
<table width="100%" rules="all" style="border:1px solid grey">
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/i/s/o/Isotope.html" title="Isotope">iso</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/a/b/o/Abondance_naturelle.html" title="Abondance naturelle">AN</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/p/%C3%A9/r/P%C3%A9riode_radioactive.html" title="Période radioactive">période</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/m/o/d/Mode_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode de désintégration">MD</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" title="Énergie de désintégration"><b>Ed</b></a> <a href="../../../../articles/m/e/v/MeV_0d50.html" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" title="Produit de désintégration">PD</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>96</sup>Ru</td>
<td>5,52%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 52 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>98</sup>Ru</td>
<td>1,88%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 54 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>99</sup>Ru</td>
<td>12,7%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 55 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>100</sup>Ru</td>
<td>12,6%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 56 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>101</sup>Ru</td>
<td>17,0%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 57 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>102</sup>Ru</td>
<td><b>31,6%</b></td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 58 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>104</sup>Ru</td>
<td>18,7%</td>
<td colspan="4">stable avec 60 <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutrons</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>106</sup>Ru</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radioisotope_synth%C3%A9tique.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope synthétique">{syn.}</a></td>
<td>373,59 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Jour.html" title="Jour">d</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_b%C3%AAta.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration bêta">β<sup class="exposant">-</sup></a></td>
<td>0,039</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">106</sup><a href="../../../../articles/r/h/o/Rhodium.html" title="Rhodium">Rh</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FFC0C0" style="text-align:center"><small><i>Unités du <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/s/Syst%C3%A8me_international.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Système international">SI</a> & <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</i></small></th>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Le <b>ruthénium</b> est un <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique.html" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a>, de symbole Ru et de <a href="../../../../articles/n/u/m/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique.html" title="Numéro atomique">numéro atomique</a> 44, qui fait partie des <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A9/t/M%C3%A9taux_du_groupe_du_platine.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Métaux du groupe du platine">métaux du groupe du platine</a> (dits métaux de transition)</p>
<p><a name="Histoire" id="Histoire"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Ruth%C3%A9nium.html" title="Modifier la section : Histoire">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Histoire</span></h2>
<p>Le ruthénium a été identifié et isolé en <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/4/1844.html" title="1844">1844</a> par Karl Karlovich Klaus. Il a montré que l'<a href="../../../../articles/o/x/y/Oxyde.html" title="Oxyde">oxyde</a> de ruthénium contenait un nouveau <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A9/t/M%C3%A9tal.html" title="Métal">métal</a> et en a extrait 6 <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/a/Gramme.html" title="Gramme">grammes</a> de la partie insoluble dans l'<a href="../../../../articles/e/a/u/Eau_r%C3%A9gale.html" title="Eau régale">eau régale</a> du <a href="../../../../articles/p/l/a/Platine.html" title="Platine">platine</a> brut.</p>
<p><a href="../../../../articles/j/%C3%B6/n/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_a37b.html" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> et Gottfried Osann l'avaient presque découvert en <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/2/1827.html" title="1827">1827</a>, quand ils ont examiné les résidus de la dissolution du <a href="../../../../articles/p/l/a/Platine.html" title="Platine">platine</a> brut des montagnes de l'<a href="../../../../articles/o/u/r/Oural.html" title="Oural">Oural</a> dans l'<a href="../../../../articles/e/a/u/Eau_r%C3%A9gale.html" title="Eau régale">eau régale</a>. Berzélius n'a pas trouvé de nouveau métal, mais Osann pensait en avoir trouvé trois et a nommé l'un d'entre eux ruthénium.</p>
<p>En <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/4/1844.html" title="1844">1844</a>, il a été obtenu pour la première fois par Karl Karlovich Klaus à l'état pur.</p>
<p>Il est possible également que le <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/i/Chimiste.html" title="Chimiste">chimiste</a> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/l/Pologne.html" title="Pologne">polonais</a> Jedrzej Sniadecki l'ait isolé en <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/0/1807.html" title="1807">1807</a> (il l'avait nommé <i>vestium</i>) à partir de minerai de platine, mais ses travaux ne furent jamais confirmés et il renonça aux droits sur sa découverte.</p>
<p>"Ruthénium" vient du <a href="../../../../articles/l/a/t/Latin.html" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>Ruthenia</i> qui signifie « <a href="../../../../articles/r/u/s/Russie.html" title="Russie">Russie</a> ».</p>
<p><a name="Production.2C_propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s" id="Production.2C_propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Ruth%C3%A9nium.html" title="Modifier la section : Production, propriétés">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Production, propriétés</span></h2>
<p>Avec le <a href="../../../../articles/r/h/o/Rhodium.html" title="Rhodium">rhodium</a>, le <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/l/Palladium_%28chimie%29.html" title="Palladium (chimie)">palladium</a>, l'<a href="../../../../articles/o/s/m/Osmium.html" title="Osmium">osmium</a>, l'<a href="../../../../articles/i/r/i/Iridium.html" title="Iridium">iridium</a>, et le platine il fait partie du « groupe du platine ».</p>
<p>On le rencontre la plupart du temps à l'état natif (sous forme de métal) ou en <a href="../../../../articles/a/l/l/Alliage.html" title="Alliage">alliage</a> avec du platine. Le <a href="../../../../articles/m/i/n/Min%C3%A9ral.html" title="Minéral">minéral</a> le plus important est la laurite (RuS<sub>2</sub>). On rencontre également des traces de ruthénium dans une série de minerais de <a href="../../../../articles/n/i/c/Nickel.html" title="Nickel">nickel</a> et de <a href="../../../../articles/c/u/i/Cuivre.html" title="Cuivre">cuivre</a>.</p>
<p>La <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Production.html" title="Production">production</a> <a href="../../../../articles/m/o/n/Monde_%28univers%29.html" title="Monde (univers)">mondiale</a> s'élève à environ 12 <a href="../../../../articles/t/o/n/Tonne_%28unit%C3%A9%29.html#Unit.C3.A9_de_masse" title="Tonne (unité)">tonnes</a> par an; c'est souvent un sous-produit de l'extraction des métaux précieux de la « mine du platine »: iridium, rhodium, platine et palladium.</p>
<p>Il est inaltérable à l'<a href="../../../../articles/a/i/r/Air.html" title="Air">air</a> et pratiquement inattaquable par les <a href="../../../../articles/a/c/i/Acide.html" title="Acide">acides</a>, y compris l'eau régale, à moins d'ajouter du <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/l/Chlorate.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorate">chlorate</a> de <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potassium.html" title="Potassium">potassium</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Utilisation" id="Utilisation"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Ruth%C3%A9nium.html" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Utilisation</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>Les bougies haut de gamme ont des <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/e/%C3%89lectrode.html" title="Électrode">électrodes</a> recouvertes d'un alliage de platine et de ruthénium.</li>
<li>En alliage, le ruthénium permet de rendre résistants le platine et le palladium et d'en faire par exemple des électodes ou ...des plumes pour stylo.</li>
<li>Il renforce également la résistance du <a href="../../../../articles/t/i/t/Titane.html" title="Titane">titane</a> à la corrosion.</li>
<li>Il sert à la fabrication de <a href="../../../../articles/d/i/s/Disques_durs.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Disques durs">disques durs</a> depuis 2001. Il s'agit d'un revêtement de trois atomes d'épaisseur entre deux couches magnétiques. Ce matériau permet actuellement de stocker jusqu'a 25,7 Gbits/pouce² et permettra d'aller jusqu'à 400 Gbits/pouce².</li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/u/p/Supraconductivit%C3%A9.html" title="Supraconductivité">Supraconducteur</a></li>
<li>Catalyse asymétrique en chimie organique (réduction de liaison carbonyle par exemple).</li>
</ul>
<div class="noprint wikilien_alternatif" style="clear:right; float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:250px;border:solid #AAAAAA 1px; background:#FFFFFF;padding:0px;font-size:90%;text-align:left;">
<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent">
<tr valign="middle">
<td style="line-height:50px;vertical-align:middle;position:relative" align="center" valign="middle">
<div style="position: relative;"><a href="http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="wikt:"><img alt="wikt:" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/9/9f/Wiktprintable_without_text.svg/50px-Wiktprintable_without_text.svg.png" width="50" height="47" border="0" /></a></div>
</td>
<td valign="middle">
<p>Voir « <b><a href="http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/ruth%C3%A9nium" class="extiw" title="wikt:ruthénium">ruthénium</a></b> » sur le <a href="../../../../articles/w/i/k/Wiktionnaire.html" title="Wiktionnaire">Wiktionnaire</a>.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail">
<li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><a href="../../../../articles/n/u/v/Image%7ENuvola_apps_edu_science.svg_fac0.html" class="image" title="Icône du portail de la chimie"><img alt="Icône du portail de la chimie" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" /></a></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/i/Portail%7EChimie_daa8.html" title="Portail:Chimie">Portail de la chimie</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
<!--
NewPP limit report
Preprocessor node count: 3300/1000000
Post-expand include size: 144949/2048000 bytes
Template argument size: 5288/2048000 bytes
Expensive parser function count: 1/500
-->
<div class="printfooter">
</div>
<div id="catlinks"><div id='catlinks' class='catlinks'><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/c/Cat%C3%A9gorie%7EAccueil_1aae.html" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <span dir='ltr'><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Cat%C3%A9gorie%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique_3487.html" title="Catégorie:Élément chimique">Élément chimique</a></span> | <span dir='ltr'><a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A9/t/Cat%C3%A9gorie%7EM%C3%A9tal_de_transition_57b5.html" title="Catégorie:Métal de transition">Métal de transition</a></span></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégorie cachée : <span dir='ltr'><a href="../../../../articles/p/o/r/Cat%C3%A9gorie%7EPortail%7EChimie_Articles_li%C3%A9s_f37d.html" title="Catégorie:Portail:Chimie/Articles liés">Portail:Chimie/Articles liés</a></span></div></div></div> <!-- end content -->
<div class="visualClear"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="column-one">
<div id="p-cactions" class="portlet">
<h5>Views</h5>
<ul>
<li id="ca-nstab-main"
class="selected" ><a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Ruth%C3%A9nium.html">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk"
><a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Discuter%7ERuth%C3%A9nium_4fb2.html">Discussion</a></li><li id="ca-current"
><a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A9nium">Version actuelle</a></li> </ul>
</div>
<div class="portlet" id="p-logo">
<a style="background-image: url(../../../../misc/Wiki.png);"
href="../../../../index.html"
title="Accueil"></a>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript"> if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); </script>
<div class='portlet' id='p-navigation'>
<h5>Navigation</h5>
<div class='pBody'>
<ul>
<li id="n-mainpage"><a href="../../../../index.html">Accueil</a></li>
<li id="n-thema"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/c/Portail%7EAccueil_bcc9.html">Portails thématiques</a></li>
<li id="n-alphindex"><a href="../../../../articles/t/o/u/Special%7EToutes_les_pages_fabc.html">Index alphabétique</a></li>
<li id="n-randompage"><a href="../../../../articles/p/a/g/Special%7EPage_au_hasard_9c81.html">Un article au hasard</a></li>
<li id="n-contact"><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Wikip%C3%A9dia%7EContact_929e.html">Contacter Wikipédia</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class='portlet' id='p-Contribuer'>
<h5>Contribuer</h5>
<div class='pBody'>
<ul>
<li id="n-help"><a href="../../../../articles/s/o/m/Aide%7ESommaire_c9f0.html">Aide</a></li>
<li id="n-portal"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/c/Wikip%C3%A9dia%7EAccueil_5272.html">Communauté</a></li>
<li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="../../../../articles/m/o/d/Special%7EModifications_r%C3%A9centes_b222.html">Modifications récentes</a></li>
<li id="n-aboutwp"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/c/Wikip%C3%A9dia%7EAccueil_des_nouveaux_arrivants_0784.html">Accueil des nouveaux arrivants</a></li>
<li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Faire_un_don:_explication">Faire un don</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-search" class="portlet">
<h5><label for="searchInput">Rechercher</label></h5>
<div id="searchBody" class="pBody">
<form action="javascript:goToStatic(3)" id="searchform"><div>
<input id="searchInput" name="search" type="text"
accesskey="C" value="" />
<input type='submit' name="go" class="searchButton" id="searchGoButton"
value="Aller" />
</div></form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-lang" class="portlet">
<h5>Autres langues</h5>
<div class="pBody">
<ul>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../af/articles/r/u/t/Rutenium.html">Afrikaans</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ar/articles/%D8%B1/%D9%88/%D8%AB/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85.html">العربية</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../be/articles/%D1%80/%D1%83/%D1%82/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9.html">Беларуская</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../bn/articles/%E0%A6%B0/%E0%A7%81/%E0%A6%A5/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE.html">বাংলা</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../bs/articles/r/u/t/Rutenijum.html">Bosanski</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ca/articles/r/u/t/Ruteni.html">Català</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../co/articles/r/u/t/Ruteniu.html">Corsu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../cs/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Česky</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../da/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Dansk</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../de/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Deutsch</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../el/articles/%CF%81/%CE%BF/%CF%85/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF.html">Ελληνικά</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../en/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">English</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../eo/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Esperanto</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../es/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Español</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../et/articles/r/u/t/Ruteenium.html">Eesti</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../eu/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Euskara</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../fa/articles/%D8%B1/%D9%88/%D8%AA/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85.html">فارسی</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../fi/articles/r/u/t/Rutenium.html">Suomi</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../fur/articles/r/u/t/Ruteni.html">Furlan</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../gl/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Galego</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../gv/articles/r/u/t/Rutainium.html">Gaelg</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../he/articles/%D7%A8/%D7%95/%D7%AA/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D.html">עברית</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../hi/articles/%E0%A4%B0/%E0%A5%81/%E0%A4%A5/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE.html">हिन्दी</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../hr/articles/r/u/t/Rutenij.html">Hrvatski</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../hu/articles/r/u/t/Rut%C3%A9nium.html">Magyar</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../hy/articles/%D5%BC/%D5%B8/%D5%A9/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4.html">Հայերեն</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../id/articles/r/u/t/Rutenium.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../io/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Ido</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../is/articles/r/%C3%BA/%C3%BE/R%C3%BA%C3%BEen.html">Íslenska</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../it/articles/r/u/t/Rutenio.html">Italiano</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ja/articles/%E3%83%AB/%E3%83%86/%E3%83%8B/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0.html">日本語</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../jbo/articles/r/u/k/rukyjinme_d8fd.html">Lojban</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../jv/articles/r/u/t/Rutenium.html">Basa Jawa</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../kn/articles/%E0%B2%B0/%E0%B3%81/%E0%B2%A5/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D.html">ಕನ್ನಡ</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ko/articles/%EB%A3%A8/%ED%85%8C/%EB%8A%84/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8A%84.html">한국어</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ku/articles/r/%C3%BB/t/R%C3%BBteny%C3%BBm.html">Kurdî / كوردی</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../la/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Latina</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../lb/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Lëtzebuergesch</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../lt/articles/r/u/t/Rutenis.html">Lietuvių</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../lv/articles/r/u/t/Rut%C4%93nijs.html">Latviešu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ml/articles/%E0%B4%B1/%E0%B5%81/%E0%B4%A5/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82.html">മലയാളം</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../nl/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Nederlands</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../nn/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Norsk (nynorsk)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../no/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Norsk (bokmål)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../oc/articles/r/u/t/Rut%C3%A8ni.html">Occitan</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../pl/articles/r/u/t/Ruten.html">Polski</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../pt/articles/r/u/t/Rut%C3%AAnio.html">Português</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ro/articles/r/u/t/Ruteniu.html">Română</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ru/articles/%D1%80/%D1%83/%D1%82/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9.html">Русский</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../scn/articles/r/u/t/Ruteniu.html">Sicilianu</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sh/articles/r/u/t/Rutenijum.html">Srpskohrvatski / Српскохрватски</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../simple/articles/r/u/t/Ruthenium.html">Simple English</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sk/articles/r/u/t/Rut%C3%A9nium.html">Slovenčina</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sl/articles/r/u/t/Rutenij.html">Slovenščina</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sr/articles/%D1%80/%D1%83/%D1%82/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC.html">Српски / Srpski</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sv/articles/r/u/t/Rutenium.html">Svenska</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../sw/articles/r/u/t/Rutheni.html">Kiswahili</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../ta/articles/%E0%AE%B0/%E0%AF%81/%E0%AE%A4/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D.html">தமிழ்</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../th/articles/%E0%B8%A3/%E0%B8%B9/%E0%B8%97/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1.html">ไทย</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../tr/articles/r/u/t/Rutenyum.html">Türkçe</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../tt/articles/r/u/t/Ruteni.html">Tatarça/Татарча</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../uk/articles/%D1%80/%D1%83/%D1%82/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9.html">Українська</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../uz/articles/r/u/t/Ruteniy.html">O'zbek</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../vi/articles/r/u/t/Rutheni.html">Tiếng Việt</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../../../zh/articles/%E9%92%8C/_/_/%E9%92%8C.html">中文</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->
<div class="visualClear"></div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="f-poweredbyico"><a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="../../../../skins/common/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" /></a></div> <div id="f-copyrightico"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="../../../../misc/wikimedia-button.png" border="0" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a></div> <ul id="f-list">
<li id="f-credits">Cette page a été modifiée pour la dernière fois le 11 mai 2008 à 22:05 par Utilisateur <a href="../../../../articles/t/x/i/Utilisateur%7ETXiKiBoT_cfd6.html" title="Utilisateur:TXiKiBoT">TXiKiBoT</a>. Basé sur le travail de Utilisateur(s) <a href="../../../../articles/s/i/e/Utilisateur%7ESieBot_a9a8.html" title="Utilisateur:SieBot">SieBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/j/a/n/Utilisateur%7EJAnDbot_ea65.html" title="Utilisateur:JAnDbot">JAnDbot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/e/s/c/Utilisateur%7EEscarbot_177b.html" title="Utilisateur:Escarbot">Escarbot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/o/k/b/Utilisateur%7EOKBot_56a4.html" title="Utilisateur:OKBot">OKBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/v/o/l/Utilisateur%7EVolkovBot_0e6c.html" title="Utilisateur:VolkovBot">VolkovBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/o/u/Utilisateur%7ELouperibot_13b7.html" title="Utilisateur:Louperibot">Louperibot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/a/s/Utilisateur%7ELasfede_f44c.html" title="Utilisateur:Lasfede">Lasfede</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/m/i/k/Utilisateur%7EMikay%C3%A9_2808.html" title="Utilisateur:Mikayé">Mikayé</a>, Ziwi, <a href="../../../../articles/d/r/a/Utilisateur%7EDragonBot_98be.html" title="Utilisateur:DragonBot">DragonBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/a/l/n/Utilisateur%7EAlnoktaBOT_68ba.html" title="Utilisateur:AlnoktaBOT">AlnoktaBOT</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/a/m/Utilisateur%7ELamiot_247c.html" title="Utilisateur:Lamiot">Lamiot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/i/d/i/Utilisateur%7EIdioma-bot_01e9.html" title="Utilisateur:Idioma-bot">Idioma-bot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/y/k/Utilisateur%7ELykos_099c.html" title="Utilisateur:Lykos">Lykos</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/b/a/r/Utilisateur%7EBaronnet_f445.html" title="Utilisateur:Baronnet">Baronnet</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/o/v/Utilisateur%7ELoveless_6fc1.html" title="Utilisateur:Loveless">Loveless</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/a/2/_/Utilisateur%7EA2_55cd.html" title="Utilisateur:A2">A2</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/f/l/a/Utilisateur%7EFlaBot_bc06.html" title="Utilisateur:FlaBot">FlaBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/p/h/e/Utilisateur%7EPhe_0278.html" title="Utilisateur:Phe">Phe</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/y/o/n/Utilisateur%7EYonaBot_4a33.html" title="Utilisateur:YonaBot">YonaBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/a/m/a/Utilisateur%7EAmaraBot_b9f9.html" title="Utilisateur:AmaraBot">AmaraBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/r/o/m/Utilisateur%7ERomary_98d3.html" title="Utilisateur:Romary">Romary</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/t/h/i/Utilisateur%7EThijs%21bot_c2d6.html" title="Utilisateur:Thijs!bot">Thijs!bot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/l/Utilisateur%7EMaloq_8d1b.html" title="Utilisateur:Maloq">Maloq</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/l/Utilisateur%7EChlewbot_f9d2.html" title="Utilisateur:Chlewbot">Chlewbot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/b/i/l/Utilisateur%7EBilou_b9b0.html" title="Utilisateur:Bilou">Bilou</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/s/a/s/Utilisateur%7ESashatoBot_387e.html" title="Utilisateur:SashatoBot">SashatoBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/e/y/b/Utilisateur%7EEybot_d027.html" title="Utilisateur:Eybot">Eybot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/r/o/b/Utilisateur%7ERobotQuistnix_d78e.html" title="Utilisateur:RobotQuistnix">RobotQuistnix</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/y/u/r/Utilisateur%7EYurikBot_0f63.html" title="Utilisateur:YurikBot">YurikBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/s/t/a/Utilisateur%7EStanlekub_9f3f.html" title="Utilisateur:Stanlekub">Stanlekub</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/k/o/r/Utilisateur%7EKorrigan_4cd3.html" title="Utilisateur:Korrigan">Korrigan</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/p/l/d/Utilisateur%7EPld_11ee.html" title="Utilisateur:Pld">Pld</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/o/Utilisateur%7EChobot_0dd0.html" title="Utilisateur:Chobot">Chobot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/k/%21/r/Utilisateur%7EK%21roman_b898.html" title="Utilisateur:K!roman">K!roman</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/g/%C3%B4/t/Utilisateur%7EG%C3%B4T%C3%B4_5bb5.html" title="Utilisateur:GôTô">GôTô</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/b/a/d/Utilisateur%7EBadmood_4dbf.html" title="Utilisateur:Badmood">Badmood</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/t/-/Utilisateur%7ELt-wiki-bot_15bf.html" title="Utilisateur:Lt-wiki-bot">Lt-wiki-bot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/r/Utilisateur%7EMarc_Mongenet_f355.html" title="Utilisateur:Marc Mongenet">Marc Mongenet</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/m/e/d/Utilisateur%7EMedBot_8f10.html" title="Utilisateur:MedBot">MedBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/n/b/e/Utilisateur%7ENbeaudet_a929.html" title="Utilisateur:Nbeaudet">Nbeaudet</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/o/z/Utilisateur%7ELoz%C3%A8re_a8b2.html" title="Utilisateur:Lozère">Lozère</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/s/a/m/Utilisateur%7ESam_Hocevar_d973.html" title="Utilisateur:Sam Hocevar">Sam Hocevar</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/e/Utilisateur%7EGreatpatton_b833.html" title="Utilisateur:Greatpatton">Greatpatton</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/f/a/f/Utilisateur%7EFafnir_81ca.html" title="Utilisateur:Fafnir">Fafnir</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/h/a/s/Utilisateur%7EHasharBot_01f0.html" title="Utilisateur:HasharBot">HasharBot</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/o/r/t/Utilisateur%7EOrthogaffe_792d.html" title="Utilisateur:Orthogaffe">Orthogaffe</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/k/o/y/Utilisateur%7EKoyuki_0284.html" title="Utilisateur:Koyuki">Koyuki</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/v/a/r/Utilisateur%7EVargenau_72c1.html" title="Utilisateur:Vargenau">Vargenau</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/y/o/u/Utilisateur%7EYouandme_4e7c.html" title="Utilisateur:Youandme">Youandme</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/s/u/i/Utilisateur%7ESuisui_3ca9.html" title="Utilisateur:Suisui">Suisui</a> et <a href="../../../../articles/m/g/i/Utilisateur%7EMgimpel_550a.html" title="Utilisateur:Mgimpel">Mgimpel</a> et Utilisateur(s) non enregistré(s) de Wikipédia.</li> <li id="f-copyright"><span style="white-space:normal"><a class="internal" href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Droit_d'auteur" title="Droit d'auteur">Droit d'auteur</a> : Tous les textes sont disponibles sous les termes de la <a class="internal" href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Licence_de_documentation_libre_GNU" title="GFDL">licence de documentation libre GNU</a> (GFDL).<br/>
Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Accueil" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)" title="501(c)">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br/></li> <li id="f-about"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A0/_/p/Wikip%C3%A9dia%7E%C3%80_propos_5de1.html" title="Wikipédia:À propos">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="f-disclaimer"><a href="../../../../articles/a/v/e/Wikip%C3%A9dia%7EAvertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux_fef1.html" title="Wikipédia:Avertissements généraux">Avertissements</a></li> </ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>