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<h1 class="firstHeading">Thorium</h1>
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Données</b>  <span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Thorium_e571.html" title="Modèle:Élément/Thorium"><span title="Voir ce modèle.">v</span></a> · <span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Discussion sur ce modèle.">d</span> · <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Thorium_e571.html" class="external text" title="http://fr.wikipedia.org../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/Mod%C3%A8le%7E%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_Thorium_e571.html" rel="nofollow"><span title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</span></a></span> </th>
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<td colspan="2" align="center" style="border:0px solid"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/t/Actinium.html" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> - <b>Thorium</b> - <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a></td>
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<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Pras%C3%A9odyme.html" title="Praséodyme"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/o/N%C3%A9odyme.html" title="Néodyme"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Prom%C3%A9thium.html" title="Prométhium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/a/m/Samarium.html" title="Samarium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/u/r/Europium.html" title="Europium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/d/Gadolinium.html" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/r/Terbium.html" title="Terbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/y/s/Dysprosium.html" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/o/l/Holmium.html" title="Holmium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/r/b/Erbium.html" title="Erbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/h/u/Thulium.html" title="Thulium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/y/t/t/Ytterbium.html" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/u/t/Lut%C3%A9cium.html" title="Lutécium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/a/f/Hafnium.html" title="Hafnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/a/n/Tantale_%28chimie%29.html" title="Tantale (chimie)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/u/n/Tungst%C3%A8ne.html" title="Tungstène"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/h/%C3%A9/Rh%C3%A9nium.html" title="Rhénium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/o/s/m/Osmium.html" title="Osmium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/i/r/i/Iridium.html" title="Iridium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/a/Platine.html" title="Platine"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/o/r/_/Or.html" title="Or"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/r/Mercure_%28chimie%29.html" title="Mercure (chimie)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/t/h/a/Thallium.html" title="Thallium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/o/Plomb.html" title="Plomb"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/i/s/Bismuth.html" title="Bismuth"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/o/l/Polonium.html" title="Polonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/s/t/Astate.html" title="Astate"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radon.html" title="Radon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/r/a/Francium.html" title="Francium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/t/Actinium.html" title="Actinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><strong class="selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></strong></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/r/a/Uranium.html" title="Uranium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/e/p/Neptunium.html" title="Neptunium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/u/Plutonium.html" title="Plutonium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/a/m/%C3%A9/Am%C3%A9ricium.html" title="Américium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/u/r/Curium.html" title="Curium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/e/r/Berk%C3%A9lium.html" title="Berkélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/l/Californium.html" title="Californium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/e/i/n/Einsteinium.html" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/f/e/r/Fermium.html" title="Fermium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/n/Mend%C3%A9l%C3%A9vium.html" title="Mendélévium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/n/o/b/Nob%C3%A9lium.html" title="Nobélium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="../../../../articles/l/a/w/Lawrencium.html" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/u/t/Rutherfordium.html" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/u/b/Dubnium.html" title="Dubnium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/s/e/a/Seaborgium.html" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/b/o/h/Bohrium.html" title="Bohrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/h/a/s/Hassium.html" title="Hassium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/i/Meitn%C3%A9rium.html" title="Meitnérium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/d/a/r/Darmstadtium.html" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/r/o/e/Roentgenium.html" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununbium.html" title="Ununbium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununtrium.html" title="Ununtrium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununquadium.html" title="Ununquadium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununpentium.html" title="Ununpentium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununhexium.html" title="Ununhexium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununseptium.html" title="Ununseptium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
<td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="../../../../articles/u/n/u/Ununoctium.html" title="Ununoctium"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><a href="../../../../articles/t/a/b/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments.html" title="Tableau périodique des éléments">Table complète</a> - <a href="../../../../articles/t/a/b/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_%28%C3%89tendu%29_2246.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableau périodique (Étendu)">Table étendue</a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Général</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/l/i/s/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_par_nom.html" title="Liste des éléments par nom">Nom</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/l/i/s/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_par_symbole.html" title="Liste des éléments par symbole">Symbole</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/n/u/m/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique.html" title="Numéro atomique">Numéro</a></td>
<td>Thorium, Th, 90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/s/%C3%A9/r/S%C3%A9rie_chimique.html" title="Série chimique">Série chimique</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/a/c/t/Actinide.html" title="Actinide">actinide</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/g/r/o/Groupe_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Groupe du tableau périodique">Groupe</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/p/%C3%A9/r/P%C3%A9riode_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Période du tableau périodique">Période</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/b/l/o/Bloc_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique.html" title="Bloc du tableau périodique">Bloc</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_groupe_des_lanthanides_et_des_actinides.html" title="Éléments du groupe des lanthanides et des actinides">L/A</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_p%C3%A9riode_7.html" title="Éléments de la période 7">7</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_du_bloc_f.html" title="Éléments du bloc f">f</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/s/Masse_volumique.html" title="Masse volumique">Masse volumique</a></td>
<td>11 724 <a href="../../../../articles/k/i/l/Kilogrammes_par_m%C3%A8tre_cube.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilogrammes par mètre cube">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/u/Couleur.html" title="Couleur">Couleur</a></td>
<td>blanc argenté</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Propriétés atomiques</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/s/Masse_atomique.html" title="Masse atomique">Masse atomique</a></td>
<td>232,0381 <a href="../../../../articles/u/n/i/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique.html" title="Unité de masse atomique">u</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_atomique.html" title="Rayon atomique">Rayon atomique</a> (calc)</td>
<td>180 (ND) <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_de_covalence.html" title="Rayon de covalence">Rayon de covalence</a></td>
<td>ND <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_de_van_der_Waals_2c9c.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayon de van der Waals">Rayon de van der Waals</a></td>
<td>ND <a href="../../../../articles/p/i/c/Picom%C3%A8tre.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Picomètre">pm</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Configuration_%C3%A9lectronique.html" title="Configuration électronique">Configuration électronique</a></td>
<td>[<a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radon.html" title="Radon">Rn</a>] <a href="../../../../articles/o/r/b/Orbitale-d.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-d">6d<sup class="exposant">2</sup></a> <a href="../../../../articles/o/r/b/Orbitale-s.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbitale-s">7s<sup class="exposant">2</sup></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/e/%C3%89lectron.html" title="Électron">Électrons</a> par <a href="../../../../articles/n/i/v/Niveau_d%27%C3%A9nergie.html" title="Niveau d'énergie">niveau d'énergie</a></td>
<td>2, 8,18,32,18,10, 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/t/a/%C3%89tat_d%27oxydation.html" title="État d'oxydation">État(s) d'oxydation</a></td>
<td>4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/o/x/y/Oxyde.html" title="Oxyde">Oxyde</a></td>
<td>base faible</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/s/t/r/Structure_cristalline.html" title="Structure cristalline">Structure cristalline</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/u/b/Cubique_face_centr%C3%A9e.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubique face centrée">cubique face centrée</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Propriétés physiques</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/p/h/a/Phase_%28mati%C3%A8re%29.html" title="Phase (matière)">État ordinaire</a></td>
<td>solide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/m/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion.html" title="Température de fusion">Température de fusion</a></td>
<td>2028 <a href="../../../../articles/k/e/l/Kelvin.html" title="Kelvin">K</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/t/e/m/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_vaporisation.html" title="Température de vaporisation">Température de vaporisation</a></td>
<td>5061 <a href="../../../../articles/k/e/l/Kelvin.html" title="Kelvin">K</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_fusion.html" title="Énergie de fusion">Énergie de fusion</a></td>
<td>16,1 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_vaporisation.html" title="Énergie de vaporisation">Énergie de vaporisation</a></td>
<td>514,4 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/v/o/l/Volume_molaire.html" title="Volume molaire">Volume molaire</a></td>
<td>19,80<a href="../../../../articles/n/o/t/Notation_scientifique.html" title="Notation scientifique">×10<sup class="exposant">-6</sup></a> <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A8/t/M%C3%A8tre_cube_par_mole.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Mètre cube par mole">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup>/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/e/Pression_de_la_vapeur.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Pression de la vapeur">Pression de la vapeur</a></td>
<td>ND <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/s/Pascal_%28unit%C3%A9%29.html" title="Pascal (unité)">Pa</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/v/%C3%A9/l/V%C3%A9locit%C3%A9_du_son.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélocité du son">Vélocité du son</a></td>
<td>2490 <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A8/t/M%C3%A8tre_par_seconde.html" title="Mètre par seconde">m/s</a> à 20 <a href="../../../../articles/d/e/g/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius_3d8e.html" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Divers</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/e/%C3%89lectron%C3%A9gativit%C3%A9.html" title="Électronégativité">Électronégativité</a> (<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/c/h/%C3%89chelle_de_Pauling_0629.html" title="Échelle de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</td>
<td>1,3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/a/Chaleur_massique.html" title="Chaleur massique">Chaleur massique</a></td>
<td>120 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_kilogramme-kelvin.html" title="Joule par kilogramme-kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conductivit%C3%A9_%C3%A9lectrique.html" title="Conductivité électrique">Conductivité électrique</a></td>
<td>6,53×10<sup class="exposant">6</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/s/i/e/Siemens_%28unit%C3%A9%29.html" title="Siemens (unité)">S</a>/m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique.html" title="Conductivité thermique">Conductivité thermique</a></td>
<td>54 <a href="../../../../articles/w/a/t/Watt_par_m%C3%A8tre-kelvin.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Watt par mètre-kelvin">W/(m·K)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1<sup class="exposant">er</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>587 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2<sup class="exposant">e</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>1110 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3<sup class="exposant">e</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>1930 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4<sup class="exposant">e</sup> <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/t/Potentiel_d%27ionisation.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Potentiel d'ionisation">potentiel d'ionisation</a></td>
<td>2780 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Joule_par_mole.html" title="Joule par mole">kJ/mol</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" bgcolor="#FF99CC"><b>Isotopes les plus stables</b></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0px">
<table width="100%" rules="all" style="border:1px solid grey">
<tr>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/i/s/o/Isotope.html" title="Isotope">iso</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/a/b/o/Abondance_naturelle.html" title="Abondance naturelle">AN</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/p/%C3%A9/r/P%C3%A9riode_radioactive.html" title="Période radioactive">période</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/m/o/d/Mode_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode de désintégration">MD</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" title="Énergie de désintégration"><b>Ed</b></a> <a href="../../../../articles/m/e/v/MeV_0d50.html" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a></td>
<td align="center" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Produit_de_d%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration.html" title="Produit de désintégration">PD</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>228</sup>Th</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radioisotope_synth%C3%A9tique.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope synthétique">{syn.}</a></td>
<td>1,9116 <a href="../../../../articles/a/n/n/Ann%C3%A9e.html" title="Année">a</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_alpha.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration alpha">α</a></td>
<td>5,520</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">224</sup><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium">Ra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>229</sup>Th</td>
<td>{syn.}</td>
<td>7340 a</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_alpha.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration alpha">α</a></td>
<td>5,168</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">225</sup><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium">Ra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>230</sup>Th</td>
<td>{syn.}</td>
<td>75380 a</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_alpha.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration alpha">α</a></td>
<td>4,770</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">226</sup><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium">Ra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>232</sup>Th</td>
<td><b>100 %</b></td>
<td>14,05×10<sup class="exposant">9</sup> a</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_alpha.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration alpha">α</a></td>
<td>4,083</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">228</sup><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/d/Radium.html" title="Radium">Ra</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>233</sup>Th</td>
<td>{syn.}</td>
<td>22,3 min</td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_b%C3%A9ta.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration béta">β</a><sup class="exposant">-</sup></td>
<td>1,24</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">233</sup><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><sup>234</sup>Th</td>
<td>traces</td>
<td>24,1 <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/u/Jour.html" title="Jour">d</a></td>
<td><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/s/D%C3%A9sint%C3%A9gration_b%C3%A9ta.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Désintégration béta">β</a><sup class="exposant">-</sup></td>
<td>0,199</td>
<td><sup class="exposant">234</sup><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium">Pa</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" bgcolor="#FF99CC" style="text-align:center"><small><i>Unités du <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/s/Syst%C3%A8me_international.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Système international">SI</a> & <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</i></small></th>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Le <b>thorium</b> est un <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/%C3%A9/%C3%89l%C3%A9ment_chimique.html" title="Élément chimique">élément chimique</a> de <a href="../../../../articles/l/i/s/Liste_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments_par_symbole.html" title="Liste des éléments par symbole">symbole</a> <b>Th</b> et de <a href="../../../../articles/n/u/m/Num%C3%A9ro_atomique.html" title="Numéro atomique">numéro atomique</a> 90.</p>
<p>Le thorium est un <a href="../../../../articles/m/%C3%A9/t/M%C3%A9tal.html" title="Métal">métal</a> de la famille des <a href="../../../../articles/a/c/t/Actinides.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinides">actinides</a>.</p>
<p>Il a été découvert en <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/2/1829.html" title="1829">1829</a> par <a href="../../../../articles/j/%C3%B6/n/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_a37b.html" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> et nommé d'après <a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thor.html" title="Thor">Thor</a>, dieu scandinave du tonnerre.</p>
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<h2>Sommaire</h2>
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<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Propri.C3.A9t.C3.A9s"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Propriétés</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Gisements"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Gisements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Utilisation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Utilisation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Contr.C3.B4le_des_mati.C3.A8res_nucl.C3.A9aires"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Contrôle des matières nucléaires</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thorium.html" title="Modifier la section : Propriétés">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Propriétés</span></h2>
<p>Le thorium garde son éclat argenté pendant plusieurs mois grâce à l'oxyde qui le protège ; l'oxyde de thorium ThO<sub>2</sub> est un des meilleurs matériaux réfractaires avec une température de fusion de 3300 °C.</p>
<p>Tous les <a href="../../../../articles/i/s/o/Isotope.html" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> du thorium sont radioactifs ; le thorium naturel n'est constitué que du seul isotope thorium-232 à très longue période radioactive (14 milliards d'années).</p>
<p>Le thorium-232 est un <a href="../../../../articles/i/s/o/Isotope_fertile.html" title="Isotope fertile">isotope fertile</a> ; en absorbant un <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/u/Neutron.html" title="Neutron">neutron</a>, il se transmute en thorium-233 radioactif, qui se désintègre en <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Protactinium.html" title="Protactinium">protactinium</a>-233, isotope radioactif qui se désintègre à son tour en <a href="../../../../articles/u/r/a/Uranium.html" title="Uranium">uranium</a>-233 <a href="../../../../articles/i/s/o/Isotope_fissile.html" title="Isotope fissile">fissile</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Gisements" id="Gisements"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thorium.html" title="Modifier la section : Gisements">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Gisements</span></h2>
<p>Les minerais de thorium sont la thorite ThSiO<sub>4</sub>, la thorianite ThO<sub>2</sub> et surtout la <a href="../../../../articles/m/o/n/Monazite.html" title="Monazite">monazite</a> (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO<sub>4</sub>. Il en existe de grands gisements en Bretagne, en <a href="../../../../articles/a/u/s/Australie.html" title="Australie">Australie</a>, en <a href="../../../../articles/i/n/d/Inde.html" title="Inde">Inde</a> et en <a href="../../../../articles/t/u/r/Turquie.html" title="Turquie">Turquie</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Utilisation" id="Utilisation"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thorium.html" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Utilisation</span></h2>
<ul>
<li>électrode, <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/t/Cathode.html" title="Cathode">cathode</a> : le thorium possède une très forte émission d'électrons et, pour cette raison on l'utilise dans les électrodes de tubes à décharge en revêtement des filaments de <a href="../../../../articles/t/u/n/Tungst%C3%A8ne.html" title="Tungstène">tungstène</a>, ainsi que pour les cathodes de nombreux dispositifs électroniques.</li>
<li>énergie nucléaire : l'abondance du <strong class="selflink">thorium</strong>-232 est 4 fois plus grande que celle de l'<a href="../../../../articles/u/r/a/Uranium.html" title="Uranium">uranium</a>-238 (l'autre isotope naturel fertile) ; le thorium constitue ainsi une importante réserve d'<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/n/e/%C3%89nergie_nucl%C3%A9aire.html" title="Énergie nucléaire">énergie nucléaire</a>, en raison de son abondance (il pourrait ainsi fournir plus d'énergie que l'uranium, le charbon et le pétrole réunis) ; son utilisation nécessite la mise au point d'une nouvelle filière de <a href="../../../../articles/r/%C3%A9/a/R%C3%A9acteur_nucl%C3%A9aire.html" title="Réacteur nucléaire">réacteurs nucléaires</a> <a href="../../../../articles/s/u/r/Surg%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration.html" title="Surgénération">surgénérateurs</a>.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/v/e/r/Verre_optique.html" title="Verre optique">verres optiques</a> : les composés de thorium augmentent l'<a href="../../../../articles/i/n/d/Indice_de_r%C3%A9fraction.html" title="Indice de réfraction">indice de réfraction</a> du verre et diminuent les aberrations.</li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/n/Manchon_%C3%A0_incandescence.html" title="Manchon à incandescence">manchon à incandescence</a> : on utilise la très mauvaise <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Conductivit%C3%A9_thermique.html" title="Conductivité thermique">conductivité thermique</a> de l'oxyde de thorium (en mélange avec l'oxyde de <a href="../../../../articles/c/%C3%A9/r/C%C3%A9rium.html" title="Cérium">cérium</a>) pour augmenter la température des manchons d'éclairage et donc leur luminosité.</li>
<li>produit <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/t/Mat%C3%A9riau_r%C3%A9fractaire.html" title="Matériau réfractaire">réfractaire</a> (creuset) : par addition d'oxyde de thorium, on obtient un type de <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/r/Porcelaine.html" title="Porcelaine">porcelaine</a> très dure et résistante aux températures élevées.</li>
</ul>
<p><a name="Contr.C3.B4le_des_mati.C3.A8res_nucl.C3.A9aires" id="Contr.C3.B4le_des_mati.C3.A8res_nucl.C3.A9aires"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/t/h/o/Thorium.html" title="Modifier la section : Contrôle des matières nucléaires">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Contrôle des matières nucléaires</span></h3>
<div class="detail"><span><a href="../../../../articles/s/e/a/Image%7ESearchtool-80%25.png_e347.html" class="image" title="Icône de détail"><img alt="Icône de détail" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/1/1a/Searchtool-80%.png/15px-Searchtool-80%.png" width="15" height="15" border="0" /></a> <span>Article détaillé : <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Contr%C3%B4le_des_mati%C3%A8res_nucl%C3%A9aires.html" title="Contrôle des matières nucléaires">Contrôle des matières nucléaires</a>.</span></span></div>
<p>Le thorium est une matière nucléaire dont la détention est réglementée (Article R1333-1 du code de la défense).</p>
<ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail">
<li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><a href="../../../../articles/n/u/v/Image%7ENuvola_apps_edu_science.svg_fac0.html" class="image" title="Icône du portail de la chimie"><img alt="Icône du portail de la chimie" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/5/59/Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_edu_science.svg.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" /></a></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/i/Portail%7EChimie_daa8.html" title="Portail:Chimie">Portail de la chimie</a></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<div style="position: relative;"><a href="http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="wikt:"><img alt="wikt:" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/9/9f/Wiktprintable_without_text.svg/50px-Wiktprintable_without_text.svg.png" width="50" height="47" border="0" /></a></div>
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<p>Voir « <b><a href="http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/thorium" class="extiw" title="wikt:thorium">thorium</a></b> » sur le <a href="../../../../articles/w/i/k/Wiktionnaire.html" title="Wiktionnaire">Wiktionnaire</a>.</p>
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