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	        <h1 class="firstHeading">M82</h1>
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	    <h3 id="siteSub">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</h3>
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<td style="background: #003399" align="center" width="100%"><font color="white" size="4"><b>M82</b></font></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="2"><a href="../../../../articles/m/e/s/Image%7EMessier82.jpg_c3f5.html" class="image" title="M81"><img alt="M81" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/a/a7/Messier82.jpg/250px-Messier82.jpg" width="250" height="250" border="0" /></a>
<center><small>M82</small></center>
</td>
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<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background-color: #6295da; text-align: center;"><b>Données d'observation</b><br />
<small><a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/p/o/%C3%89poque_%28astronomie%29.html" title="Époque (astronomie)">Époque</a> <a href="../../../../articles/j/2/0/J2000.0.html" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a></small></th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Type d'objet</b></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_irr%C3%A9guli%C3%A8re.html" title="Galaxie irrégulière">galaxie irrégulière</a> (I0)</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b><a href="../../../../articles/a/s/c/Ascension_droite.html" title="Ascension droite">Ascension droite</a></b> (α)</td>
<td align="center">09<sup>h</sup>&#160;55<sup>m</sup>&#160;52,19<sup>s</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b><a href="../../../../articles/d/%C3%A9/c/D%C3%A9clinaison_%28astronomie%29.html" title="Déclinaison (astronomie)">Déclinaison</a></b> (δ)</td>
<td align="center">+69°&#160;40′&#160;48,8″</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Distance</b></td>
<td align="center">11,5 ± 0,8 Millions <a href="../../../../articles/a/n/n/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re.html" title="Année-lumière">AL</a><br />
(3,5 ± 0,3 Millions <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/r/Parsec.html" title="Parsec">pc</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure8,4" valign="top">
<td><b><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/g/Magnitude_apparente.html" title="Magnitude apparente">Magnitude<br />
apparente</a></b> (V)</td>
<td align="center">8,4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure11,2' × 4,3'" valign="top">
<td><b>Dimensions apparentes</b></td>
<td align="center">11,2' × 4,3'</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Constellation.html" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></b></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../articles/g/r/a/Grande_Ourse_441e.html" title="Grande Ourse">Grande Ourse</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background-color: #6295da; text-align: center;"><b>Caractéristiques physiques</b></th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Masse</b></td>
<td align="center">&#160;? <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/s/Masse_solaire.html" title="Masse solaire">M<sub>☉</sub></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Dimensions</b></td>
<td align="center">&#160;? <a href="../../../../articles/a/n/n/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re.html" title="Année-lumière">al</a><br />
(? <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/r/Parsec.html" title="Parsec">pc</a>)</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Magnitude absolue</b></td>
<td align="center">&#160;?</td>
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<tr valign="top">
<td><b>Couleur (B-V)</b></td>
<td align="center">&#160;?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #6295da; text-align: center;"><b>Découverte</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure[[Johann Elert Bode]]" valign="top">
<td><b>Découvreur(s)</b></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../articles/j/o/h/Johann_Elert_Bode_a140.html" title="Johann Elert Bode">Johann Elert Bode</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure[[1774]]" valign="top">
<td><b>Date</b></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../articles/1/7/7/1774.html" title="1774">1774</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="hiddenStructure[[Catalogue Messier|M]]82, [[New General Catalogue|NGC]] 3034, [[Uppsala General Catalogue|UGC]] 5322, [[Catalogue of Principal Galaxies|PGC]] 28655" valign="top">
<td><b>Désignations</b></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../articles/c/a/t/Catalogue_Messier_294e.html" title="Catalogue Messier">M</a>82, <a href="../../../../articles/n/e/w/New_General_Catalogue_5181.html" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a> 3034, <a href="../../../../articles/u/p/p/Uppsala_General_Catalogue_2f4a.html" title="Uppsala General Catalogue">UGC</a> 5322, <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/t/Catalogue_of_Principal_Galaxies_41a1.html" title="Catalogue of Principal Galaxies">PGC</a> 28655</td>
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<div class="thumb tleft">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/2/Image%7EM82_Chandra_HST_Spitzer.jpg_5898.html" class="image" title="Image composite en fausses couleurs, réalisée à partir de données de Chandra, Spitzer et du téléscope Hubble (HST). Le spectre colorimétrique a été compressé pour l’amener dans le domaine visible&#160;: la lumière infra-rouge enregistrée par Spitzer apparait en rouge, la lumière visible émise par l’hydrogène et enregistrée par Hubble apparait en orange, la lumière visible à courte longueur d’onde (couleur réelle bleu-violet) apparait en jaune-vert, les rayons X enregistrés par Chandra apparaissent en bleu."><img alt="Image composite en fausses couleurs, réalisée à partir de données de Chandra, Spitzer et du téléscope Hubble (HST). Le spectre colorimétrique a été compressé pour l’amener dans le domaine visible&#160;: la lumière infra-rouge enregistrée par Spitzer apparait en rouge, la lumière visible émise par l’hydrogène et enregistrée par Hubble apparait en orange, la lumière visible à courte longueur d’onde (couleur réelle bleu-violet) apparait en jaune-vert, les rayons X enregistrés par Chandra apparaissent en bleu." src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/8/83/M82_Chandra_HST_Spitzer.jpg/300px-M82_Chandra_HST_Spitzer.jpg" width="300" height="244" border="0" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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<small>Image composite en fausses couleurs, réalisée à partir de données de <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/a/Chandra.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandra">Chandra</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/s/p/i/Spitzer.html" title="Spitzer">Spitzer</a> et du téléscope <a href="../../../../articles/h/u/b/Hubble.html" title="Hubble">Hubble</a> (HST). Le spectre colorimétrique a été compressé pour l’amener dans le domaine visible&#160;: la lumière <a href="../../../../articles/i/n/f/Infra-rouge.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Infra-rouge">infra-rouge</a> enregistrée par Spitzer apparait en rouge, la <a href="../../../../articles/l/u/m/Lumi%C3%A8re_visible.html" title="Lumière visible">lumière visible</a> émise par l’<a href="../../../../articles/h/y/d/Hydrog%C3%A8ne.html" title="Hydrogène">hydrogène</a> et enregistrée par Hubble apparait en orange, la lumière visible à courte longueur d’onde (couleur réelle bleu-violet) apparait en jaune-vert, les <a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_X_5c8f.html" title="Rayon X">rayons X</a> enregistrés par Chandra apparaissent en bleu.</small></div>
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<p><br />
L'objet astral <b>M82</b> (ou <b>NGC 3034</b>) est une <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_irr%C3%A9guli%C3%A8re.html" title="Galaxie irrégulière">galaxie irrégulière</a> située dans la <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Constellation.html" title="Constellation">constellation</a> de la <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/a/Grande_Ourse_441e.html" title="Grande Ourse">Grande Ourse</a>. Également appelée <b>galaxie du Cigare</b>, elle fut découverte par <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/h/Johann_Elert_Bode_a140.html" title="Johann Elert Bode">Johann Elert Bode</a> le 31 décembre <a href="../../../../articles/1/7/7/1774.html" title="1774">1774</a>, en même temps que <a href="../../../../articles/m/8/1/M81.html" title="M81">M81</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Caract.C3.A9ristiques" id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/m/8/2/M82.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Caractéristiques">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Caractéristiques</span></h2>
<p>M82 (Le fleuron des galaxies pour beaucoup d'observateurs de l'<a href="../../../../articles/h/%C3%A9/m/H%C3%A9misph%C3%A8re_nord.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Hémisphère nord">hémisphère nord</a>) forme une très remarquable paire physique avec sa voisine <a href="../../../../articles/m/8/1/M81.html" title="M81">M81</a>. Ces deux galaxies forment avec d'autres un <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/o/Groupe_de_galaxies.html" title="Groupe de galaxies">groupe de galaxies</a> proche du <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/o/Groupe_local.html" title="Groupe local">nôtre</a>. M82 représente le prototype d'une galaxie irrégulière, c'est-à-dire ayant un «&#160;disque&#160;» irrégulier. Son noyau, qui semble avoir énormément souffert d'un rapprochement serré avec M81 il y a quelques centaines de millions d'années, se trouve dans une phase de violente activité stellaire et présente de remarquables <a href="../../../../articles/r/a/i/Raie_spectrale.html" title="Raie spectrale">raies sombres</a>. Il s'agit d'une <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_%C3%A0_sursaut_d%27%C3%A9toiles.html" title="Galaxie à sursaut d'étoiles">galaxie à sursaut d'étoiles</a>, ou <i>galaxie starburst</i>.</p>
<p>La galaxie émet fortement en <a href="../../../../articles/i/n/f/Infrarouge.html" title="Infrarouge">infrarouge</a> (magnitude I = 5,6) , en <a href="../../../../articles/o/n/d/Onde_radio.html" title="Onde radio">ondes radio</a> et en <a href="../../../../articles/r/a/y/Rayon_X_5c8f.html" title="Rayon X">rayons X</a> (cf. image composite ci-contre). Elle possède également un fort <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/a/Champ_magn%C3%A9tique.html" title="Champ magnétique">champ magnétique</a>. De grandes quantités de matières sont puissament éjectées (v = 1000 km/s environ) de la galaxie&#160;: voir les filaments rouges sur l'image ci-contre. On suppopse que ces éjections sont dues à l'explosion de <a href="../../../../articles/s/u/p/Supernova.html" title="Supernova">supernovas</a>.</p>
<p>En tant que membre du groupe de M81, M82 se trouve à une distance de 12 millions d'<a href="../../../../articles/a/n/n/Ann%C3%A9e-lumi%C3%A8re.html" title="Année-lumière">années-lumière</a> environ du <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/s/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire.html" title="Système solaire">système solaire</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Liens_externes" id="Liens_externes"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/m/8/2/M82.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Liens externes">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Liens externes</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: anglais">(en)</span> <a href="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&amp;Ident=M82&amp;bibdisplay=none" class="external text" title="http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?protocol=html&amp;Ident=M82&amp;bibdisplay=none" rel="nofollow">M82</a> sur <a href="../../../../articles/s/i/m/Simbad.html" title="Simbad">Simbad</a> (<a href="../../../../articles/c/e/n/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg_fc30.html" title="Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg">Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg</a>)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.obspm.fr/messier/f/m082.html" class="external text" title="http://www.obspm.fr/messier/f/m082.html" rel="nofollow">Messier 82, page de la <i>SEDS</i></a></li>
</ul>
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<div style="position: relative;"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Accueil" title="commons:Accueil"><img alt="commons:Accueil" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="50" height="67" border="0" /></a></div>
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<p><span class="plainlinks"><a href="../../../../articles/w/i/k/Wikimedia_Commons_7b57.html" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> propose des documents multimédia libres sur <b><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Messier_82?uselang=fr" class="external text" title="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Messier_82?uselang=fr" rel="nofollow">M82.</a></b></span></p>
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<table id="WCatalogueMessier" class="WSerieH" style="clear:both;margin:0.5em auto;width:85%;border:1px solid #003399;background:#CEDAF2;color:#000000">
<tr>
<td align="center" style="background:#003399;color:#FFFFFF"><b>Objets astraux du catalogue Messier</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-size:0.87em">
<p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_du_Crabe_1894.html" title="Nébuleuse du Crabe">M1</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/_/M2_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M2 (amas globulaire)">M2</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/_/M3_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M3 (amas globulaire)">M3</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/_/M4_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M4 (amas globulaire)">M4</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/_/M5.html" title="M5">M5</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/a/m/a/Amas_du_Papillon_6bf2.html" title="Amas du Papillon">M6</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/_/M7.html" title="M7">M7</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_de_la_Lagune_176b.html" title="Nébuleuse de la Lagune">M8</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/_/M9.html" title="M9">M9</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M10_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M10 (amas globulaire)">M10</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/1/M11.html" title="M11">M11</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/2/M12_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M12 (amas globulaire)">M12</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/a/m/a/Amas_d%27Hercule_5701.html" title="Amas d'Hercule">M13</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/4/M14_%28amas_globulaire%29.html" title="M14 (amas globulaire)">M14</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/5/M15.html" title="M15">M15</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/6/M16_%28amas_ouvert%29.html" title="M16 (amas ouvert)">M16</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/7/M17_%28n%C3%A9buleuse%29.html" title="M17 (nébuleuse)">M17</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/8/M18_%28amas_ouvert%29.html" title="M18 (amas ouvert)">M18</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/9/M19.html" title="M19">M19</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_Trifide_3e5e.html" title="Nébuleuse Trifide">M20</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/1/M21.html" title="M21">M21</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/2/M22.html" title="M22">M22</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/3/M23.html" title="M23">M23</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/4/M24_%28amas_stellaire%29.html" title="M24 (amas stellaire)">M24</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/5/M25_%28amas_ouvert%29.html" title="M25 (amas ouvert)">M25</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/6/M26.html" title="M26">M26</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_de_l%27Halt%C3%A8re_8001.html" title="Nébuleuse de l'Haltère">M27</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/8/M28.html" title="M28">M28</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/2/9/M29.html" title="M29">M29</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/0/M30.html" title="M30">M30</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_d%27Androm%C3%A8de_bc20.html" title="Galaxie d'Andromède">M31</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/2/M32.html" title="M32">M32</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_du_Triangle_ccd6.html" title="Galaxie du Triangle">M33</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/4/M34.html" title="M34">M34</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/5/M35_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M35 (astronomie)">M35</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/6/M36.html" title="M36">M36</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/7/M37.html" title="M37">M37</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/8/M38.html" title="M38">M38</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/3/9/M39.html" title="M39">M39</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/w/i/n/Winnecke_4.html" title="Winnecke 4">M40</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/1/M41_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M41 (astronomie)">M41</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_d%27Orion_3bf1.html" title="Nébuleuse d'Orion">M42</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/3/M43.html" title="M43">M43</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/4/M44.html" title="M44">M44</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/p/l/%C3%A9/Pl%C3%A9iades_%28astronomie%29.html" title="Pléiades (astronomie)">M45</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/6/M46.html" title="M46">M46</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/7/M47.html" title="M47">M47</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/8/M48_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M48 (astronomie)">M48</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/4/9/M49.html" title="M49">M49</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/0/M50.html" title="M50">M50</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/1/M51_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M51 (astronomie)">M51</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/2/M52.html" title="M52">M52</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/3/M53.html" title="M53">M53</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/4/M54.html" title="M54">M54</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/5/M55.html" title="M55">M55</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/6/M56.html" title="M56">M56</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse_de_la_Lyre_8098.html" title="Nébuleuse de la Lyre">M57</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/8/M58.html" title="M58">M58</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/5/9/M59.html" title="M59">M59</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/0/M60_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M60 (astronomie)">M60</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/1/M61_%28galaxie%29.html" title="M61 (galaxie)">M61</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/2/M62.html" title="M62">M62</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/3/M63.html" title="M63">M63</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/4/M64.html" title="M64">M64</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/5/M65.html" title="M65">M65</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/6/M66.html" title="M66">M66</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/7/M67.html" title="M67">M67</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/8/M68.html" title="M68">M68</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/6/9/M69.html" title="M69">M69</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/0/M70.html" title="M70">M70</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/1/M71.html" title="M71">M71</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/2/M72.html" title="M72">M72</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/3/M73.html" title="M73">M73</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/4/M74.html" title="M74">M74</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/5/M75.html" title="M75">M75</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/6/M76.html" title="M76">M76</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/7/M77.html" title="M77">M77</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/8/M78.html" title="M78">M78</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/7/9/M79.html" title="M79">M79</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/0/M80.html" title="M80">M80</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/1/M81.html" title="M81">M81</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><strong class="selflink">M82</strong> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/3/M83_%28galaxie%29.html" title="M83 (galaxie)">M83</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/4/M84.html" title="M84">M84</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/5/M85.html" title="M85">M85</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/6/M86.html" title="M86">M86</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/7/M87.html" title="M87">M87</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/8/M88.html" title="M88">M88</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/8/9/M89.html" title="M89">M89</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/0/M90.html" title="M90">M90</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/1/M91.html" title="M91">M91</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/2/M92.html" title="M92">M92</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/3/M93.html" title="M93">M93</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/4/M94.html" title="M94">M94</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/5/M95_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M95 (astronomie)">M95</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/6/M96.html" title="M96">M96</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/7/M97.html" title="M97">M97</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/8/M98.html" title="M98">M98</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</span><a href="../../../../articles/m/9/9/M99.html" title="M99">M99</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M100.html" title="M100">M100</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M101.html" title="M101">M101</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M102.html" title="M102">M102</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M103.html" title="M103">M103</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie_du_Sombrero_1048.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxie du Sombrero">M104</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M105.html" title="M105">M105</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M106.html" title="M106">M106</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M107.html" title="M107">M107</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M108.html" title="M108">M108</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/m/1/0/M109.html" title="M109">M109</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/n/g/c/NGC_205_06f3.html" title="NGC 205">M110</a></span></p>
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<td align="center" style="border-top:1px solid #AAAAAA;font-size:0.87em">
<p><i>Voir aussi&#160;:</i> <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/t/Catalogue_Messier_294e.html" title="Catalogue Messier">Catalogue Messier</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>·</b></span> <a href="../../../../articles/a/m/a/Amas_globulaire.html" title="Amas globulaire">Amas globulaire</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>·</b></span> <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Constellation.html" title="Constellation">Constellation</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>·</b></span> <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galaxie.html" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>·</b></span> <a href="../../../../articles/n/%C3%A9/b/N%C3%A9buleuse.html" title="Nébuleuse">Nébuleuse</a></p>
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<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#003399"><font color="white"><b>Objets de Messier classés par <a href="../../../../articles/a/s/c/Ascension_droite.html" title="Ascension droite"><font color="white">ascension droite</font></a></b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td width="33%"><i>Objet précédent</i>&#160;:<br />
<a href="../../../../articles/m/8/1/M81.html" title="M81">M81</a></td>
<td valign="bottom" width="33%"><i>Objet en cours</i>&#160;:<br />
<b>M82</b></td>
<td width="33%"><i>Objet suivant</i>&#160;:<br />
<a href="../../../../articles/m/9/5/M95_%28astronomie%29.html" title="M95 (astronomie)">M95</a></td>
</tr>
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<li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><a href="../../../../articles/c/e/l/Image%7ECelestia.png_c7f0.html" class="image" title="Icône du portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="Icône du portail de l’astronomie" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/8/83/Celestia.png/24px-Celestia.png" width="24" height="24" border="0" /></a></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="../../../../articles/a/s/t/Portail%7EAstronomie_c476.html" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span></span></li>
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