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<h1 class="firstHeading">Bess of Hardwick</h1>
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Bess of Hardwick, comtesse de <a href="../../../../articles/s/h/r/Shrewsbury.html" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, par Rowland Lockley, 1592.</div>
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<p><b>Elizabeth Hardwick</b>, ou <b>Hardwicke</b>, <b>comtesse de Shrewsbury</b>, connue sous le nom de <b>Bess of Hardwick</b> (<a href="../../../../articles/1/5/2/1527.html" title="1527">1527</a>–<a href="../../../../articles/1/6/0/1608.html" title="1608">1608</a>), est la fille de John Hardwick.</p>
<p>Mariée quatre fois, elle est l'ancêtre des <a href="../../../../articles/d/u/c/Ducs_de_Devonshire_e05f.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducs de Devonshire">ducs de Devonshire</a> et des <a href="../../../../articles/d/u/c/Duc_de_Newcastle_c2c3.html" title="Duc de Newcastle">ducs de Newcastle</a>, de par son mariage avec <a href="../../../../articles/w/i/l/William_Cavendish_%28courtisan%29_b25d.html" title="William Cavendish (courtisan)">William Cavendish</a>.</p>
<p>Bess of Hardwick était aussi la grand-mère d'<a href="../../../../articles/a/r/b/Arbella_Stuart_61a7.html" title="Arbella Stuart">Arbella Stuart</a>, prétendante au trône d'<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/c/o/%C3%89cosse.html" title="Écosse">Écosse</a> et d'<a href="../../../../articles/a/n/g/Angleterre.html" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a>. Elle fit construire deux des plus importants châteaux de <a href="../../../../articles/g/r/a/Grande-Bretagne_f1d5.html" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a> : <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/a/Chatsworth_House_fc30.html" title="Chatsworth House">Chatsworth House</a> et Hardwick Hall. Son histoire est liée à celle de <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/r/Marie_Stuart_d74a.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Stuart">Marie Stuart</a>, dont elle fut la « gardienne » sur les ordres de la reine <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/l/i/%C3%89lisabeth_Ire_d%27Angleterre_8a68.html" title="Élisabeth Ire d'Angleterre">Élisabeth Ire d'Angleterre</a>.</p>
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<h2>Sommaire</h2>
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<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Liens_internes"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Liens internes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li>
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<p><a name="Bibliographie" id="Bibliographie"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/b/e/s/Bess_of_Hardwick_9dbc.html" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Bibliographie</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Durant-1977">Durant, David N. (1977). <i>Bess of Hardwick: Portrait of an Elizabethan Dynast</i>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0297773054_43d4.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-297-77305-4</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick%3A+Portrait+of+an+Elizabethan+Dynast&rft.aulast=Durant&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft.date=1977&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.place=London"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Durant-1977">Durant, David N. (1977). <i>Bess of Hardwick: Portrait of an Elizabethan Dynast</i>, American Edition, New York: Atheneum. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0689108354_74f2.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-689-10835-4</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick%3A+Portrait+of+an+Elizabethan+Dynast&rft.aulast=Durant&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft.date=1977&rft.edition=American+Edition&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.place=New+York"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Eisenberg-1985">Eisenberg, Elizabeth (1985). <i>This Costly Countess: Bess of Hardwick</i>. Derby: Hall. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_094640495X_25e4.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-946404-95-X</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+Costly+Countess%3A+Bess+of+Hardwick&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=1985&rft.pub=Hall&rft.place=Derby"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Hubbard-2001">Hubbard, Kate (2001). <i>Material Girl: Bess of Hardwick: 1527-1608</i>. London: Short Books. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0571208002_63b7.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-571-20800-2</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Material+Girl%3A+Bess+of+Hardwick%3A+1527-1608&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=Short+Books&rft.place=London"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Kettle-2000">Kettle, Pamela (2000). <i>Oldcotes: The Last Mansion Built by Bess of Hardwick</i>. Cardiff: Merton Priory Press. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_1898937397_736b.html" class="internal">ISBN 1-898937-39-7</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oldcotes%3A+The+Last+Mansion+Built+by+Bess+of+Hardwick&rft.aulast=Kettle&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Merton+Priory+Press&rft.place=Cardiff"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Levey-2001">Levey, Santina; Peter Thornton (2001). <i>Of Household Stuff: The 1601 Inventory of Bess of Hardwick</i>. London: National Trust. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0707803292_dcb5.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-7078-0329-2</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+Household+Stuff%3A+The+1601+Inventory+of+Bess+of+Hardwick&rft.aulast=Levey&rft.aufirst=Santina&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft.place=London"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Lovell-2006">Lovell, Mary S. (2006). <i>Bess of Hardwick: First Lady of Chatsworth: 1527-1608</i>. New York: Norton. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_039306221X_b3a6.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-393-06221-X</a>; ISBN-13 978-0316724821.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick%3A+First+Lady+of+Chatsworth%3A+1527-1608&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Mary+S.&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Norton&rft.place=New+York"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Lovell-2005">Lovell, Mary S. (2005). <i>Bess of Hardwick: First Lady of Chatsworth: 1527-1608</i>, British Edition, London: Little-Brown. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0316724823_aa39.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-316-72482-3</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick%3A+First+Lady+of+Chatsworth%3A+1527-1608&rft.aulast=Lovell&rft.aufirst=Mary+S.&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=British+Edition&rft.pub=Little-Brown&rft.place=London"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Pearson-1984">Pearson, John (1984). <i>The Serpent and the Stag</i>. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. ISBN-13: 978-0030554315.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serpent+and+the+Stag&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1984&rft.pub=Holt%2C+Rinehart%2C+%26+Winston&rft.place=New+York"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Plowden-1972">Plowden, Alison (1972). <i>Mistress of Hardwick</i>. London: BBC. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0563106646_2b49.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-563-10664-6</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mistress+of+Hardwick&rft.aulast=Plowden&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=1972&rft.pub=BBC&rft.place=London"> </span></li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Westcott-1974">Westcott, Jan (1974). <i>The Tower and the Dream</i>. New York.: Putnam. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_039911128X_326b.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-399-11128-X</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tower+and+the+Dream&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=1974&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.place=New+York."> </span> [Biographical fiction]</li>
<li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal" id="Reference-Williams-1977">Williams, Ethel (1977). <i>Bess of Hardwick</i>. Bath: Chivers. <a href="../../../../articles/o/u/v/Special%7EOuvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_0859972380_a649.html" class="internal">ISBN 0-85997-238-0</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bess+of+Hardwick&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ethel&rft.date=1977&rft.pub=Chivers&rft.place=Bath"> </span></li>
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<li><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/m/Comte_de_Shrewsbury_a9e6.html" title="Comte de Shrewsbury">Comte de Shrewsbury</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/o/t/t/Ottoline_Morrell_b5f5.html" title="Ottoline Morrell">Ottoline Morrell</a></li>
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