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<h1 class="firstHeading">Bovidae</h1>
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<font color="white" size="4"><b><i>Bovidae</i></b></font></th>
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<th colspan="2"><i>Bovidae</i><br />
<font color="black" size="1"><a href="../../../../articles/j/o/h/John_Edward_Gray_2fc0.html" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/2/1821.html" title="1821">1821</a></font></th>
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<th style="background-color:pink;" colspan="2">Taxons de rang inférieur</th>
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<td colspan="2"><a href="../../../../articles/s/o/u/Sous-famille_%28biologie%29.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Sous-famille (biologie)">Sous-familles</a> :
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/c/e/p/Cephalophinae.html" title="Cephalophinae">Cephalophinae</a></i></li>
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<p>Les <b>bovidés</b> (<i>Bovidae</i>) sont une <a href="../../../../articles/f/a/m/Famille_%28biologie%29.html" title="Famille (biologie)">famille</a> de <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/m/Mammif%C3%A8re.html" title="Mammifère">mammifères</a> <a href="../../../../articles/r/u/m/Ruminant.html" title="Ruminant">ruminants</a> et <a href="../../../../articles/h/e/r/Herbivore.html" title="Herbivore">herbivores</a> qui comprend une dizaine de sous-familles, dont en particulier les <a href="../../../../articles/b/o/v/Bovin%C3%A9.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Boviné">bovinés</a> (ou "<a href="../../../../articles/b/o/v/Bovin.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Bovin">bovins</a>"), <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/p/Caprinae.html" title="Caprinae">caprinés</a> (qui englobent les <a href="../../../../articles/m/o/u/Mouton.html" title="Mouton">ovins</a>) et <a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope.html" title="Antilope">antilopes</a>. Cette famille a été définie par <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/h/John_Edward_Gray_2fc0.html" title="John Edward Gray">John Edward Gray</a> (1800-1875) en <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/2/1821.html" title="1821">1821</a>.</p>
<p>Leurs principales caractéristiques sont les suivantes :</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/e/s/t/Estomac.html" title="Estomac">estomac</a> à quatre poches adapté à la <a href="../../../../articles/r/u/m/Rumination.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumination">rumination</a> ;</li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/a/b/Sabot_%28ongle%29.html" title="Sabot (ongle)">sabot</a> à deux doigts ;</li>
<li>deux <a href="../../../../articles/c/o/r/Corne_%28biologie%29.html" title="Corne (biologie)">cornes</a> frontales persistantes et creuses ;</li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/d/e/n/Denture.html" title="Denture">denture</a> marquée par l'absence d'<a href="../../../../articles/i/n/c/Incisive.html" title="Incisive">incisives</a> sur le maxillaire supérieur et l'absence de <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/n/Canine.html" title="Canine">canines</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Leur habitat naturel est très varié et s'étend depuis les régions arctiques jusqu'aux zones tropicales, et en particulier dans les régions de <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Prairies%2C_savanes_et_brousses_temp%C3%A9r%C3%A9es.html" title="Prairies, savanes et brousses tempérées">prairies</a> et de <a href="../../../../articles/s/a/v/Savane.html" title="Savane">savane</a>. On les trouve à l'origine dans le vieux monde (<a href="../../../../articles/e/u/r/Eurasie.html" title="Eurasie">Eurasie</a>, <a href="../../../../articles/a/f/r/Afrique.html" title="Afrique">Afrique</a>) et en <a href="../../../../articles/a/m/%C3%A9/Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_bf0b.html" title="Amérique du Nord">Amérique du Nord</a>.</p>
<p><a name="Principaux_taxons" id="Principaux_taxons"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/b/o/v/Bovidae.html" title="Modifier la section : Principaux taxons">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Principaux taxons</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/a/e/p/Aepycerotinae.html" title="Aepycerotinae">Aepycerotinae</a> Gray, 1872 (1 genre, 1 espèce).
<ul>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/e/p/Aepyceros.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Aepyceros">Aepyceros</a></i> Sundevall, 1847 — <a href="../../../../articles/i/m/p/Impala.html" title="Impala">Impala</a>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/a/l/c/Alcelaphinae.html" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/l/c/Alcelaphus.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcelaphus">Alcelaphus</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/b/u/b/Bubale.html" title="Bubale">bubale</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/c/o/n/Connochaetes.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Connochaetes">Connochaetes</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/g/n/o/Gnou.html" title="Gnou">gnou</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/d/a/m/Damaliscus.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Damaliscus">Damaliscus</a></i> <a href="../../../../articles/d/a/m/Damalisque.html" title="Damalisque">damalisques</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/s/i/g/Sigmoceros.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Sigmoceros">Sigmoceros</a></i>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/s/i/g/Sigmoceros_lichtensteinii.html" title="Sigmoceros lichtensteinii">Sigmoceros lichtensteinii</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/b/u/b/Bubale_de_Lichtenstein_a0a5.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubale de Lichtenstein">bubale de Lichtenstein</a>)</li>
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<li><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilopinae.html" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a> : les <a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope.html" title="Antilope">antilopes</a>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antidorcas.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidorcas">Antidorcas</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/s/p/r/Springbok.html" title="Springbok">springbok</a>)
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antidorcas_marsupialis.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Antidorcas marsupialis">Antidorcas marsupialis</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/e/u/c/Euchore.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Euchore">euchore</a>)</li>
</ul>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope_%28genre%29.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilope (genre)">Antilope</a></i>
<ul>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope_cervicapra.html" title="Antilope cervicapra">Antilope cervicapra</a></i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazella">Gazella</a></i> : (<a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle.html" title="Gazelle">gazelle</a>)
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella_dama.html" title="Gazella dama">Gazella dama</a></i> - <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_dama.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle dama">gazelle dama</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella_dorcas.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazella dorcas">Gazella dorcas</a></i> - <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_dorcas.html" title="Gazelle dorcas">gazelle dorcas</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella_granti.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazella granti">Gazella granti</a></i> - <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_de_Grant_0aa2.html" title="Gazelle de Grant">gazelle de Grant</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella_leptoceros.html" title="Gazella leptoceros">Gazella leptoceros</a></i> - <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_leptoc%C3%A8re.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelle leptocère">gazelle leptocère</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazella_thomsonii.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazella thomsonii">Gazella thomsonii</a></i> - <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_de_Thomson_6e80.html" title="Gazelle de Thomson">gazelle de Thomson</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelle_de_Waller_3d9a.html" title="Gazelle de Waller">Litocranius</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/m/a/d/Madoqua.html" title="Madoqua">Madoqua</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/d/i/k/Dik-dik.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Dik-dik">dik-dik</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/n/e/o/Neotragus.html" title="Neotragus">Neotragus</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope_de_Bates_80a9.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilope de Bates">Antilope de Bates</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/o/r/e/Oreotragus.html" title="Oreotragus">Oreotragus</a></i>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/o/r/e/Oreotragus_saltator.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Oreotragus saltator">Oreotragus saltator</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/s/a/s/Sassa.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassa">sassa</a> ou <a href="../../../../articles/o/r/%C3%A9/Or%C3%A9otrague.html" title="Oréotrague">oréotrague</a>)</li>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/o/u/r/Ourebia.html" title="Ourebia">Ourebia</a></i>
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<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/o/u/r/Ourebia_ourebi.html" title="Ourebia ourebi">Ourebia ourebi</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/b/l/e/Bleekbok_du_cap.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleekbok du cap">bleekbok du cap</a>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/p/a/n/Pantholops.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantholops">Pantholops</a></i> (L'<a href="../../../../articles/a/n/t/Antilope_du_Tibet_76b2.html" title="Antilope du Tibet">antilope du Tibet</a>, ou « <a href="../../../../articles/c/h/i/Chiru.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiru">chiru</a> »)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/o/Procapra.html" title="Procapra">Procapra</a></i> <a href="../../../../articles/g/a/z/Gazelles_d%27Asie_6950.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazelles d'Asie">gazelles d'Asie</a></li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/r/a/p/Raphicerus.html" title="Raphicerus">Raphicerus</a></i> (<a href="../../../../articles/s/t/e/Steenbok.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Steenbok">steenbok</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="../../../../articles/s/a/i/Saiga.html" title="Saiga">Saiga</a></i></li>
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<p>Un mammifère découvert en 1992, le <a href="../../../../articles/s/a/o/Saola.html" title="Saola">saola</a> ou <a href="../../../../articles/b/%C5%93/u/B%C5%93uf_du_Vu_Quang_6ac1.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Bœuf du Vu Quang">bœuf du Vu Quang</a> (<i><a href="../../../../articles/p/s/e/Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoryx nghetinhensis">Pseudoryx nghetinhensis</a></i>) semble appartenir aux <a href="../../../../articles/b/o/v/Bovinae.html" title="Bovinae">bovinae</a> et proche des genres <i><a href="../../../../articles/b/o/s/Bos.html" title="Bos">Bos</a></i> et <i><a href="../../../../articles/b/i/s/Bison.html" title="Bison">Bison</a></i>, mais sa classification n'est pas encore complètement établie.</p>
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<li>Référence <a href="../../../../articles/f/a/u/Fauna_Europaea_93d0.html" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a> : <a href="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=12646" class="external text" title="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=12646" rel="nofollow"><i>Bovidae</i></a> <span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</span></li>
<li><font id="ancrage_ITIS">Référence <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/s/Syst%C3%A8me_d%27Information_Taxonomique_Int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9_17ea.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Système d'Information Taxonomique Intégré">ITIS</a> : <a href="http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/itisca/next?taxa=&p_format=&p_ifx=&p_lang=fr&v_tsn=180704" class="external text" title="http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/itisca/next?taxa=&p_format=&p_ifx=&p_lang=fr&v_tsn=180704" rel="nofollow"><i>Bovidae</i> Gray, 1821</a> <span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue : français">(fr)</span> (<span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><small><a href="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180704" class="external text" title="http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180704" rel="nofollow">+version</a></small></span> <span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</span>)</font></li>
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