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	        <h1 class="firstHeading">Josefov</h1>
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	    <h3 id="siteSub">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Image%7EPraha_Staronova_Synagoga.jpg_1914.html" class="image" title="La synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle au centre de Josefov."><img alt="La synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle au centre de Josefov." src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/4/4b/Praha_Staronova_Synagoga.jpg/180px-Praha_Staronova_Synagoga.jpg" width="180" height="150" border="0" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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La <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Vieille-Nouvelle_d981.html" title="Synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle">synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle</a> au centre de Josefov.</div>
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<p>Le quartier de <b>Josefov</b> (en allemand&#160;: <i>Josephstadt</i>) fait partie de la <a href="../../../../articles/v/i/e/Vieille_Ville_%28Prague%29_f6a8.html" title="Vieille Ville (Prague)">Vieille Ville</a> de <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Prague.html" title="Prague">Prague</a> en <a href="../../../../articles/r/%C3%A9/p/R%C3%A9publique_tch%C3%A8que.html" title="République tchèque">République tchèque</a>&#160;; il constituait le <a href="../../../../articles/g/h/e/Ghetto.html" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> juif de la ville.</p>
<p>Ce quartier est souvent représenté par le drapeau des <a href="../../../../articles/j/u/i/Juifs.html" title="Juifs">Juifs</a> de Prague, une <a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/t/o/%C3%89toile_de_David_2c7b.html" title="Étoile de David">étoile de David</a> jaune sur fond rouge.</p>
<p><a name="Histoire" id="Histoire"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Josefov.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Histoire">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Histoire</span></h2>
<p>Il est généralement admis que les Juifs ont commencé à s'installer à Prague au cours du <a href="../../../../articles/x/e/_/Xe_si%C3%A8cle.html" title="Xe siècle"><span class="romain" title="Nombre&#160;écrit en chiffres romains">X</span><sup class="exposant">e</sup>&#160;siècle</a>. Le premier document écrit relatant l'existence de Prague est un récit d'un marchand juif de Tolède datant de cette époque. Le premier <a href="../../../../articles/p/o/g/Pogrom.html" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> connu y fut celui de <a href="../../../../articles/1/0/9/1096.html" title="1096">1096</a> à l'occasion de la <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/e/Premi%C3%A8re_croisade.html" title="Première croisade">première croisade</a>, puis les Juifs se concentrent dans un quartier muré.</p>
<p>En <a href="../../../../articles/1/2/9/1292.html" title="1292">1292</a>, le roi <a href="../../../../articles/o/t/t/Ottokar_II_de_Boh%C3%AAme_51c6.html" title="Ottokar II de Bohême">Ottokar II de Bohême</a> publie les <i>Statuta Judaeorum</i> qui donna un statut d'autonomie administrative à la communauté juive. En <a href="../../../../articles/1/3/8/1389.html" title="1389">1389</a>, plus de 3 000 Juifs sont massacrés pendant la <a href="../../../../articles/p/%C3%A2/q/P%C3%A2que.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Pâque">Pâque</a> lors de l'un des plus sanglants pogroms contre cette communauté.</p>
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Vue de Josefov avant la refonte hausmannienne du quartier à la fin du <span class="romain" title="Nombre&#160;écrit en chiffres romains">XIX</span><sup class="exposant">e</sup>&#160;siècle.</div>
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<p>Le <a href="../../../../articles/g/h/e/Ghetto.html" title="Ghetto">ghetto</a> connait une grande prospérité vers la fin du <a href="../../../../articles/x/v/i/XVIe_si%C3%A8cle_d8b7.html" title="XVIe siècle"><span class="romain" title="Nombre&#160;écrit en chiffres romains">XVI</span><sup class="exposant">e</sup>&#160;siècle</a> siècle. Cela coïncide avec la vie de Mordecai Maisel, maire du quartier juif devenu Ministre des Finances et qui avait fait fortune. Sa générosité aide au développement du quartier juif et on lui doit, entre autres la <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Maisel_d96a.html" title="Synagogue Maisel">synagogue Maisel</a> qui porte son nom. C'est à cette époque que le <a href="../../../../articles/r/a/b/Rabbin.html" title="Rabbin">rabbin</a> <a href="../../../../articles/j/u/d/Juda_Loew_ben_Bezalel_bfa4.html" title="Juda Loew ben Bezalel">Juda Loew ben Bezalel</a> crée le mythe du <a href="../../../../articles/g/o/l/Golem.html" title="Golem">Golem</a>.</p>
<p>En <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/5/1850.html" title="1850">1850</a>, le quartier est renommé <i>Josefstadt</i>, selon le nom de l'empereur <a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Joseph_II_du_Saint-Empire_ebcd.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph II du Saint-Empire">Joseph II</a>, qui émancipe les Juifs en publiant l'Édit de Tolérance en <a href="../../../../articles/1/7/8/1781.html" title="1781">1781</a>.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Image%7EPrague_-_Old_Jewish_Cemetery_Nov2004-2.jpg_6a0f.html" class="image" title="cimetière juif de Prague."><img alt="cimetière juif de Prague." src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/1/19/Prague_-_Old_Jewish_Cemetery_Nov2004-2.jpg/180px-Prague_-_Old_Jewish_Cemetery_Nov2004-2.jpg" width="180" height="135" border="0" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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<a href="../../../../articles/c/i/m/Cimeti%C3%A8re_juif_de_Prague_1e47.html" title="Cimetière juif de Prague">cimetière juif de Prague</a>.</div>
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<p>Une grande partie du quartier est démolie entre <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/9/1893.html" title="1893">1893</a> et <a href="../../../../articles/1/9/1/1913.html" title="1913">1913</a>, suivant une initiative qui voulait s'inspirer du modèle <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/r/Paris.html" title="Paris">parisien</a> du <a href="../../../../articles/g/e/o/Georges_Eug%C3%A8ne_Haussmann_d0a9.html" title="Georges Eugène Haussmann">baron Hausmann</a> pour remodeler et assainir la ville. Il ne resta à l'issue de de ces travaux que six <a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue.html" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a>, le <a href="../../../../articles/c/i/m/Cimeti%C3%A8re_juif_de_Prague_1e47.html" title="Cimetière juif de Prague">vieux cimetière</a> et la mairie de la ville juive.</p>
<p>Sous le <a href="../../../../articles/t/r/o/Troisi%C3%A8me_Reich_8921.html" title="Troisième Reich">Troisième Reich</a>, les Nazis souhaitent faire de Josefov un <i>musée exotique d'une race éteinte</i>. Ils rapportèrent d'ailleurs des objets issus du pillage des synagogues de toute l'Europe centrale afin qu'ils soient exposés ici. Certains de ces objets en déshérence forment la base des collections du <a href="../../../../articles/m/u/s/Mus%C3%A9e_juif_de_Prague_37c3.html" title="Musée juif de Prague">Musée juif de Prague</a>.</p>
<p>Josefov possède aujourd'hui des bâtiments modernes et certains regrettent de ne pas pouvoir se faire une idée exacte de ce à quoi le quartier pouvait ressembler à l'époque où y vivaient plus de 180 000 habitants.</p>
<p><a name="Voir_aussi" id="Voir_aussi"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Josefov.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Voir aussi">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Voir aussi</span></h2>
<p>Les articles sur le <a href="../../../../articles/m/u/s/Mus%C3%A9e_juif_de_Prague_37c3.html" title="Musée juif de Prague">Musée juif de Prague</a>, les différentes synagogues et autres sites importants de <strong class="selflink">Josefov</strong>&#160;:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/a/n/c/Ancienne_salle_de_c%C3%A9r%C3%A9monie_de_Prague_9ab4.html" title="Ancienne salle de cérémonie de Prague">Ancienne salle de cérémonie de Prague</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/c/i/m/Cimeti%C3%A8re_juif_de_Prague_1e47.html" title="Cimetière juif de Prague">Cimetière juif de Prague</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/g/a/l/Galerie_Robert_Guttmann_b55d.html" title="Galerie Robert Guttmann">Galerie Robert Guttmann</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Espagnole_b5e3.html" title="Synagogue Espagnole">Synagogue Espagnole</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Klaus_2791.html" title="Synagogue Klaus">Synagogue Klaus</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Maisel_d96a.html" title="Synagogue Maisel">Synagogue Maisel</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Pinkas_8154.html" title="Synagogue Pinkas">Synagogue Pinkas</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../../articles/s/y/n/Synagogue_Vieille-Nouvelle_d981.html" title="Synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle">Synagogue Vieille-Nouvelle</a></li>
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<p><a name="Liens_externes" id="Liens_externes"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Josefov.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Liens externes">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Liens externes</span></h2>
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<li><span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: anglais">(en)</span> <span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: tchèque">(cs)</span> <a href="http://www.jewishmuseum.cz/" class="external text" title="http://www.jewishmuseum.cz/" rel="nofollow">Musée juif de Prague</a></li>
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<li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><a href="../../../../articles/f/l/a/Image%7EFlag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg_c483.html" class="image" title="Icône du portail de la Tchéquie"><img alt="Icône du portail de la Tchéquie" src="../../../../images/shared/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" width="36" height="24" border="0" /></a></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="../../../../articles/t/c/h/Portail%7ETch%C3%A9quie_et_culture_tch%C3%A8que_b187.html" title="Portail:Tchéquie et culture tchèque">Portail de la Tchéquie</a></span></span></li>
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<th bgcolor="#CCCCFF" align="center" style="font-size:111%;line-height:1.4"><b>Districts de <a href="../../../../articles/p/r/a/Prague.html" title="Prague">Prague</a></b></th>
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<th bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center"><b>Arrondissements de Prague</b></th>
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<p style="margin:0"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 1 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 2 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 3 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 4 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 5 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 6 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 7 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 8 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 9 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 10 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 11 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 12 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 13 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 14 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 15 •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 16 <i>(ancien Radotín)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 17 <i>(ancien Řepy)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 18 <i>(ancien Letňany)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 19 <i>(ancien Kbely)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 20 <i>(ancien Horní Počernice)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 21 <i>(ancien Újezd nad Lesy)</i> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Prague 22 <i>(ancien Uhříněves)</i></span></p>
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<th bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center"><b>Autres districts municipaux</b></th>
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<p style="margin:0"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Běchovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Benice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Březiněves •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Čakovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Ďablice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Chabry •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Měcholupy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Počernice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dubeč •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kbely •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Klánovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/k/o/l/Kolod%C4%9Bje.html" title="Koloděje">Koloděje</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kolovraty •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Královice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Křeslice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kunratice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Libuš •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Lipence •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Lochkov •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Lysolaje •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nebušice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nedvězí •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Petrovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Přední Kopanina •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Řeporyje •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Satalice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Slivenec •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Suchdol •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Šeberov •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Štěrboholy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/t/r/o/Troja.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Troja">Troja</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Újezd u Průhonic •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Velká Chuchle •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Vinoř •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Zbraslav •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/z/l/i/Zli%C4%8D%C3%ADn.html" title="Zličín">Zličín</a></span></p>
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<th bgcolor="#EEEEEE" align="center"><b>Aires cadastrales</b></th>
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<p style="margin:0"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Běchovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Benice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Bohnice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Braník •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/b/%C5%99/e/B%C5%99evnov.html" title="Břevnov">Břevnov</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Březiněves •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/b/u/b/Bubene%C4%8D.html" title="Bubeneč">Bubeneč</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Čakovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Černý Most •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Chodov •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Cholupice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Čimice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Ďáblice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/d/e/j/Dejvice.html" title="Dejvice">Dejvice</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Chabry •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Měcholupy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dolní Počernice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Dubeč •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Háje •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hájek •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hloubětín •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hlubočepy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hodkovičky •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/h/o/l/Hole%C5%A1ovice.html" title="Holešovice">Holešovice</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Holyně •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Horní Měcholupy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Horní Počernice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hostavice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hostivař •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/h/r/a/Hrad%C4%8Dany.html" title="Hradčany">Hradčany</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Hrdlořezy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Jinonice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><strong class="selflink">Josefov</strong> (<i>quartier juif</i>) •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kamýk •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/k/a/r/Karl%C3%ADn.html" title="Karlín">Karlín</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kbely •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Klánovice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kobylisy •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/k/o/l/Kolod%C4%9Bje.html" title="Koloděje">Koloděje</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Kolovraty •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Komořany •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="../../../../articles/k/o/%C5%A1/Ko%C5%A1%C3%AD%C5%99e.html" title="Košíře">Košíře</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Královice •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Krč •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">Křeslice 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