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	        <h1 class="firstHeading">Josef Kling</h1>
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<p><b>Josef Kling</b> (<a href="../../../../articles/1/9/_/19_mars.html" title="19 mars">19 mars</a> <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/1/1811.html" title="1811">1811</a> à <a href="../../../../articles/m/a/y/Mayence.html" title="Mayence">Mayence</a> – <a href="../../../../articles/1/e/r/1er_d%C3%A9cembre.html" title="1er décembre">1<sup class="exposant">er</sup>&#160;décembre</a> <a href="../../../../articles/1/8/7/1876.html" title="1876">1876</a> à <a href="../../../../articles/l/o/n/Londres.html" title="Londres">Londres</a>) était un joueur d'<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/c/h/%C3%89checs.html" title="Échecs">échecs</a> <a href="../../../../articles/a/l/l/Allemagne.html" title="Allemagne">allemand</a> et un compositeur d'<a href="../../../../articles/%C3%A9/t/u/%C3%89tudes_d%27%C3%A9checs.html" class="mw-redirect" title="Études d'échecs">études d'échecs</a>.</p>
<p>Il était à l'origine musicien d'église et professeur de musique. En 1834 il s'installa à <a href="../../../../articles/p/a/r/Paris.html" title="Paris">Paris</a> où il gagna sa vie en jouant aux échecs au <a href="../../../../articles/c/a/f/Caf%C3%A9_de_la_R%C3%A9gence_1813.html" title="Café de la Régence">café de la Régence</a>. Par la suite, en 1837 il se fixa à <a href="../../../../articles/l/o/n/Londres.html" title="Londres">Londres</a>.</p>
<p>En 1836 il publia dans la revue d'échecs <i>Le Palamède</i> une analyse qui devint célèbre&#160;: la finale tour et fou contre tour. <a href="../../../../articles/h/o/w/Howard_Staunton_4772.html" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a> la reprit en 1847 dans son ouvrage <i>Chess Player's Handbook</i>. En 1849 Kling publia sous le titre <i>The Chess Euclid</i>, une suite de 200 problèmes d'échecs. Il fit paraître avec <a href="../../../../articles/b/e/r/Bernhard_Horwitz_41ce.html" title="Bernhard Horwitz">Bernhard Horwitz</a> en 1851 <i>Chess studies</i> un livre consacré à Staunton qui contenait surtout des études de finales. Dans un compte-rendu de ce livre, le baron Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa expliquait ainsi la différence entre le problème et l'étude&#160;: les problèmes sont très appréciés, mais les positions s'en distinguent par le fait qu'elles sont extrêmement naturelles et par là qu'on peut facilement les rencontrer dans les fins de partie réelles. De plus la tâche à résoudre, parfois très difficile, ne consiste pas à obtenir le mat en un nombre de coups déterminés mais seulement à parvenir à une position favorable, et le nombre de coups a moins d'importance.</p>
<p>Entre 1851 et 1853, Kling et Horwitz firent paraître la revue <i>The Chess Player</i> dans laquelle ils publièrent de nouvelles études. Le premier juin 1852 Kling ouvrit à Londres dans la New Oxford Street un café d'échecs, le <i>Kling's Chess and Coffee Rooms</i>, qui exista jusqu'en 1859 et fut souvent fréquenté entre autres par <a href="../../../../articles/w/i/l/William_Davies_Evans_99b5.html" title="William Davies Evans">William Davies Evans</a>. Kling resta présent jusqu'à sa mort sur la scène des échecs et fut membre honoraire du City of London Chess Club.</p>
<p><b>Josef Kling</b>, <i>Chess Weekly, 1849</i></p>
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<td style="line-height: 1.4; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; padding: 2px"><i>Les noirs jouent et gagnent</i></td>
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<p>Solution&#160;:</p>
<ol>
<li><b>Ta4 Dxa4</b> <i>Première possibilité</i></li>
<li><b>Th3+ Re4</b></li>
<li><b>Th4#</b></li>
</ol>
<p>Ou bien&#160;:</p>
<ol>
<li><b>... Dc8</b> <i>évite le mat en h3</i></li>
<li><b>Th3+ Dxh3</b></li>
<li><b>Ta3#</b></li>
</ol>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<p><a name="Bibliographie" id="Bibliographie"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Josef_Kling_cd1f.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Bibliographie">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Bibliographie</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: anglais">(en)</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WSgCAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=titlepage" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=WSgCAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=titlepage" rel="nofollow"><i>The Chess Euclid. A Collection of two hundred Chess Problems and End-Games</i> (London 1849)</a> sur books.google.com</li>
<li><span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: anglais">(en)</span><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5ZACAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=titlepage" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=5ZACAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=titlepage" rel="nofollow">Kling / Horwitz: <i>Chess studies; or endings of games</i> (London 1851)</a> sur books.google.com</li>
</ul>
<p><a name="Liens_externes" id="Liens_externes"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a href="../../../../articles/j/o/s/Josef_Kling_cd1f.html" title="Modifier la section&#160;: Liens externes">modifier</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Liens externes</span></h2>
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<li><span style="cursor:help;font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:small" title="Langue&#160;: anglais">(en)</span> <a href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=93185" class="external text" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=93185" rel="nofollow">Courte biographie et parties</a> de Josef Kling sur <i><a href="../../../../articles/c/h/e/ChessGames.com_68b8.html" title="ChessGames.com">ChessGames.com</a></i></li>
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